Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications Table of Contents

1 An Egyptian Shipwreck at Pitcairn Island (3 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 3
Decipherment of an Egyptian (Libyan dialect) rock inscription from Pitcairn Island, Java, in the Pacific.

2 Polynesian Epigraphy -- A Report to the Society (2 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 6
Founding of The Epigraphic Society, 4 July 1974 as The Polynesian Epigraphic Society.

3 The Ancient Maori Votive Stele of the Pyramid of Ra on Mount Lavu in Eastern Java (6 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 8
Libyan script dated 304 AD.

4 Numerals on Ancient Maori Steles (8 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 14
Roman and Egyptian commerce with S. E. Asia.

5 Ritual of the Dawn: Fragments of Ancient Maurian Chants in New Zealand Maori (6 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 22
Mithraic religion apparent in ancient Maori inscription.

6 The bilingual Latin-Maori stele of Kaiu from Thullium (6 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 28
Tunisia: Numidian/Libyan script. Maori = Mauri = Moors.

7 The bilingual Latin- Maori stele of Rapa from Thullium (5 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 34
Numidian/Libyan & Amharic script.

8 The bilingual Latin-Maori stele of Fawasa, Priest of the Oracle of Rono (4 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 39
Tunisia Numidian/Libyan script.

9 The bilingual. Punic-Maori stele of Weka, from Bordj-Zoubia, near Oued-Meliz, Tunisia (4 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 43
Neo-Punic and Numidian.

10 Distribution of Ancient Maori Inscriptions written in Maurian (Numidian) script (4 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 47
North Africa to Polynesia.

11 The bilingual Latin-Maori. stele of Zakatutu from Thullium (3 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 51
Latin and Numidian/Libyan script.

12 Chronology of Ancient Maori Scripts (7 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 54
From @ 250 BC to 385 AD.

13 An Ancient Maori inscription from Dakumba, Fiji (6 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 61
From @ 250 BC.

14 Carthaginian and Other Graffiti from West Irian Caves (3 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 67
Carthaginian and other inscriptions in caves in West Irian.

15 Ancient Maori Mathematical and Scientific Hieroglyphs (4 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 70
West Irian and New Zealand.

16 The Treaty of Taranaki, a Mediaeval Stele of New Zealand (5 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 74
Numidian-Libyan script; Hawaikian dialect; stele dated to 1450 AD.

17 Newly Deciphered Naval Records of Ptolemy III (2 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 79
Western New Guinea; Libyan-Egyptian inscriptions c. 232 BC.

18 A Proposition by Eratosthenes, An Astronomer of the Delta Country (6 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 81
Inscriptions in Numidian script and Egyptian hieroglyphs found in caves in West Irian.

19 Maui on Eratosthenes — An additional fragment from Sosorra (2 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 87
Inscriptions in a cave at Sosorra relating to Eratosthenes' calculations.

20 Correspondence (5 pp):
Letter: Conditions for membership. (1 p) Conger Williams 1-p 89
Requests conditions for membership in The Epigraphic Society.

Letter: Back numbers of Occasional Publications. (1 p) Harold S. Gladwin 1-p 89
Requests availability of back numbers of ESOP.

Letter: Egyptian coins found in Australia. (1 p) Mrs. E. Dooner 1-p 89
Egyptian coins found in Australia allegedly dated to 4000 BP (questionable since no coins were struck in Egypt before 332 BC according to Norman Totten).

Letter: Navigation equipment depicted in West Irian Caves. (2 pp) F. E. Bassett 1-p 90
Inscriptions in West Irian caves show early navigational equipment and connection to Egypt.

Letter: Engraved rocks in New Zealand. (1 p) John C. Yaldwyn 1-p 91
Five sites on North Island; cave paintings on South Island

Letter: Bronze Age trade routes from the Red Sea to Southeast Asia? (1 p) Edwin Doran Jr. 1-p 92
Study of boat types in the areas concerned show possible ancient trade connections between them.

Letter: ESOP in the National Museum of New Zealand. (1 p) Roger G. Chapman 1-p 93

Letter: Undeciphered American Rock Inscriptions. (1 p) George Carter 1-p 93
Provides as yet undeciphered inscriptions from the Americas

Letter: Egyptian hieroglyphs. (1 p) Charles Speel 1-p 93
Charles Speel, Chairman, Dept. of Religious Studies, Monmouth College (IL) comments on Fell's work.

Letter: Threat to the Moanalua stela "Pohaku ka Luahine." (1 p) Norman Totten 1-p 93
Largest free-standing petroglyph stone in Oahu, Hawaii, needs protection.

Letter: Gift of petroglyph photographs by Hawaiian membership. (1 p) Ruth Hanner & John & Frances Holt 1-p 93
Photos given by Ruth Hanner, Chairman of the Petroglyph Committee.

21 The Polynesian Discovery of America 231 BC (8 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 94
A cave inscription in Chile which uses Libyan script.

22 An Ancient Polynesian Star Atlas of 232 B.C. Part 1. A Mariner's Guide to finding the Celestial North Pole. (6 pp) Barry Fell 1-p 102
West Irian inscriptions; Libyan and Egyptian scripts.

Advertisement: Hawaiian Astronomical Society's Astronews article: The Egyptian Connection - Who Settled Polynesia? (1 p) Dennis Stone 1-p 105
Discusses West Irian finds.

23 Karl Stolp's Discovery of La Casa Pintada in 1885 (3 pp) Mina Brand 1-p 108
1885 report on inscriptions in cave in Chile (La Casa Pintada).

Officers of the Epigraphic Society for 1975. (1 p) 1-p 110
Pres: Barry Fell; Vice-pres.: Norman Totten; Council: Peter J. Garfall, Joseph D. Germano, Sentiel Rommel; Secy: Rene Fell.

Pohaku ka Luahine. (1 p) Barry Fell 1-p 111
Endangered Libyan inscription on Oahu reported in press (HI).

Researcher says Hawaiians had written language. (2 pp) Dave De Leon 1-p 111
Facsimile reprint from Star-Bulletin; Honolulu, 10 Dec. 1974.

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications
Table of Contents, Vol. 2/1 1975

Paper No

24 The Birth of a Society (4 pp) Norman Totten 2/1-p 4
A description of the founding of The Epigraphic Society (originally the Polynesian Epigraphic Society). Bio info about Totten on p 7.

Officers of the Society (1 p) 2/1-p 7
Barry Fell (Pres.; Editor); Norman Totten (Vice Pres.); Rene Fell (Secy); and David Moynahan (Asst. Secy); Joseph Germano, Peter Garfall, Sentiel Rommel (Board Mbrs).

25 In Honor of Harold S. Gladwin (5 pp) George F. Carter & Barry Fell 2/1-p 8
Two fine scholars pen tributes to a great arch¾ologist and innovative thinker.

Letter: Honoring Jean Leclant 2/1-p 12
The friends of Jean Leclant celebrate his election to the Academie with a testimonial.

Letter: The Epigraphical Society of India Opens Contact (1 p) Ch. Chhabra 2/1-p 13
President Chhabra has arranged for the Epigraphic Society to receive literature about Indian Society.

Letter: Evidence of Egyptian/Libyan visitors to Bougainville Island. (1 p) Paul C. Johnson 2/1-p 13
Johnson, of Boroko in Papua New Guinea, reports the evidence exists in the unique carving styles of certain villages.

Letter: 5th/6th Century AD C14 Dates from Easter Island. (1 p) Grant McCall 2/1-p 13
North African origin postulated for the inhabitants of Easter Island.

Letter: Cooperation with the Academy of Applied Sciences (1p) Robert Rines 2/1-p 13
Groundwork laid for cooperation on an expedition to the West Irian Caves.

Letter: Election of Patron (1 p) Barry Fell 2/1-p 13
Ruth Hanner (of Kauai in Hawaii), a founding Fellow of the Society elected a Patron of The Epigraphic Society. Has a forthcoming book on Hawaiian Epigraphy.

Letter: Egyptian Coins in Australia (1 p) Margaret Carnegie 2/1-p 13
Coin of Ptolemy IV found near Cairns; others mentioned as in Mt. York Museum.

Letter: Maui's Star charts and Navigational Equipment. (1 p) Owen Gingerich 2/1-p 13
Material is under study by astronomers at Harvard College Observatory.

Letter: Maui's Message Likened to Pioneer 10 plaque. (1 p) Carl Sagan 2/1-p 14
Comment by Sagan, of Cornell University, on the Maui message.

Letter: McCluer Bay Expedition (re Maui) (p 1) Peter J. Garfall 2/1-p 14
Peter Garfall & Christopher Cunningham w/Max Belcher, Julian Fell, Jan-Olaf Williams, plan to mount an expedition to the cave area of McCluer Bay.

Letter: New publication on Indian Petroglyphs of the Pacific Northwest (1 p) Mrs. Conger 2/1-p 14
Indian Petroglyphs of the Pacific Northwest by Beth & Ray Hill.

Letter: Proposed New Museum at Madang, Papua, New Guinea. (1 p) Christine Holmes 2/1-p 14
Holmes, formerly an ethnologist at a museum in Wellington, New Zealand, writes from Madang about the museum and offers cooperation with the Society.

New Fellows (elected January 1975) (1 p) 2/1-p 15
Dr. George F. Carter for contributions to epigraphy; Dr. Harold Sterling Gladwin for contributions to archaeology.

Review: Culture-Historical Aspects of the Malayo- Polynesian Settlement in Ancient South-East Asia (1 p) Barry Fell 2/1-p 15
By R. A. Lochore: Hocken Lecture, 1973; Hocken Library, University of Otago, New Zealand, 28 pp, 1974. Infers an Anatolian origin for the Polynesian language & the Polynesians.

Current activities of members (1 p) George F. Carter 2/1-p 16
He is continuing research in his accumulated files for Libyan inscriptions and directing attention to many US examples hitherto unknown.

Current activities of members (1 p) Phyllis & Frank Donohue 2/1-p 16
Assisting in the preparation of a Libyan vocabulary based on materials reported in ESOP.

Current activities of members (1 p) Julian Fell 2/1-p 16
Has undertaken a photo survey of New England inscriptions now attributable to Libyan voyagers of the 1st millenium BC.

Current activities of members (1 p) Barry Fell 2/1-p 16
Continues decipherments of West Irian (Java) astronomical inscriptions; has begun work on New England & Mexican inscriptions; also Libyan from New Mexico.

Current activities of members (1 p) Peter Garfall, Joseph Germano, & David Moynahan 2/1-p 16
Preparing photo records of material previously reported in older literature & making visual aids for lecture programs.

Current activities of members (1 p) Bruce Henderson 2/1-p 16
Henderson, of New Zealand, undertook a preliminary investigatory trip thru coastal Taranaki in search of local epigraphic materials; also spread the word in the local press.

Current activities of members (1 p) Albert Kalsbeek 2/1-p 16
Continues to work on the etymology of Polynesian roots; his wife, an initiate Tahu'a, is the Society's first associate member from Tahiti.

Current activities of members (1 p) Gerhard Kraus 2/1-p 16
Publisher of the New Diffusionist. He plans to give much attention to the Society's activities. He is the Society's first member from Africa.

Current activities of members (1 p) Ernst Klein 2/1-p 16
Has assembled an important slide collection of Scandinavian bronze age petroglyphs & other European materials.

Current activities of members (1 p) Haris Lessaios 2/1-p 16
Sent Fell an interesting reproduction of a Coptic text held at Yale.

Current activities of members (1 p) Sentiel Rommel 2/1-p 16
Trained in navigation & engineering, he is reconstructing Maui's navigational gear on the basis of Maui's drawings & Fell's decipherments.

Current activities of members (1 p) Dennis Stone 2/1-p 16
He combines astronomical & editorial interests and serves as an effective link between epigraphers & scientists in Hawaii.

Current activities of members (1 p) Helen J. Stuart 2/1-p 16
Sends historical details re her ancestress, Motoitoi, a chieftainess of the Ngai Tahu in New Zealand. Her genealogy goes back to the 14th century.

Current activities of members (1 p) Norman Totten 2/1-p 16
Visited Peru, Galapagos, Ecuador and Brazil during January 1975.

Letter: Tribute in honor of Harold S. Gladwin (1 p) Thomas E. Lee 2/1-p 17
A tribute in honor of Dr. Harold Sterling Gladwin by the editor of The Anthropological Journal of Canada, writing from the Université Laval, Quebec.

Letter: Agreement with Fell (1 p) Linus Brunner 2/1-p 17
A professor, of Sankt Gallen, Switzerland, he largely agrees with Fell on Polynesian etymology & its affinities w/Indo-European & Semitic.

Letter: Comparisons between Maori & Semitic letter-forms (2 pp) Adele Schafer 2/1-p 17
Makes interesting comparisons between Maori letter forms, variants of ancient Hebrew & related Semitic.

Letter: Harvard Anthro/Archaeology Professor Comments (1 p) Michael E. Moseley 2/1-p 18
Fell spoke to his class. While doubtful of some of Fell's interpretations, he thanks Fell for an excellent presentation & wants him back next year.

News Item: Astronomical Publication Embarrassed by Fell (1 p) Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 8 March 1975 2/1-p 18
Reports that the Bishop Museum & the Hawaiian Astronomical Society were embarrassed by pro-Fell articles in Astronews. Future Fell articles will be banned (Dennis Stone is editor of Astronews).

Letter: No Ban in Fiji (1 p) Gavin J. A. Kerr 2/1-p 18
Wrote a book in 1970 titled Fiji in the Pacific for pupils in Fiji schools to use. Asks permission to use Fell's maps & decipherments re Maui's expedition to further instruct Fijian students in their history.

Letter: New Zealand Artist to study Maori-Bedouin chin tattoo similarities (1 p) Mildred Spalton 2/1-p 19
Auckland artist Kristin Zambucka to go to Egypt to study female chin tattoos (worn by Maori and Bedouin women).

Letter: Cave inscriptions in the Yasawas Group, about 80 miles NW of Viti Levu (1 p) George T. McGann 2/1-p 19
Mrs. K. E. D. Chitty, of Mosman, New South Wales, reports that the inscriptions, once thought to be Chinese, may instead be Libyan.

Letter: Unusual Tapa Pattern from Samoa (1 p) Roma K. Miller 2/1-p 19
A design on an ancient Tapa cloth that has been in her possession since 1938 appears to represent papyrus and lotus according to a UNESCO scholar.. It has been photographed for National Museum records.

Letter: Academy of Applied Sciences support for Society work (1 p) Robert H. Rines 2/1-p 20
The President of Academy supports the work of Society member Peter Garfall, putting him in touch with Charles Wycoff & Harold Edgerton.

Letter: A Maori Chief Agrees with Fell (1 p) Berthold E. S. Fraser-Collins (Te Taneatua) 2/1-p 20
An honorary Maori chief agrees that probably several Egypto-Libyan expeditions took place. Chinese reached New Zealand too, but later.

Letter: A New Zealand Whakapapa (1 p) Helen J. Stuart 2/1-p 21
Her Maori genealogy back to the 14th century.

Letter: A Writer on Maori History Comments on Fell's Work (1 p) Albert E. Tonson 2/1-p 22
A well-known writer in New Zealand, he wrote Old Manukau (1966). He suggests that Libyan visitors intermarried with existing islanders.

Letter: Scholar Wants to Meet Fell (1 p) Martin De Vries 2/1-p 23
The writer, of the Bureau of Educational Research, University of Nairobi, is very interested in meeting Fell during a planned visit to Boston.

Letter: A Nigerian Writer on Diffusionism Comments on Fell's work (1 p) Gerhard Kraus 2/1-p 23
He wrote an article for The New Diffusionist (#15, 1974) titled: G. Elliot Smith & W. J. Perry on Trial . He is preparing an article for that publication on Fell's work.

Letter: Fell Deals with the "Unclassified Residuum" of Science (1 p) C. E. Joel 2/1-p 23
Joel, Editor of The New Diffusionist, has worked with British diffusionists G. Elliot Smith & W. J. Perry for many years so he has a natural inclination to approach such subject sympathetically.

Fell Responds to Un-named Reader (1 p) Barry Fell 2/1-p 23
Fell explains why he regards Libyan as an "Afro- Asian language."

How Could Ancient Egyptian Ships Cross the Indo-Pacific? (1 p) Barry Fell 2/1-p 24
Fell responds to an anthropologist's challenge by referring to his publication, Life, Space and Time, 1974, pp 141-142.

New Fellows Elected (1 p) Barry Fell 2/1-p 25
New Fellows of the Society were elected by unanimous vote of the Council (later called the Board) of the Society: Prof. Dr. Linus Brunner (Switzerland), Dr. Reuel Lochore (New Zealand), Dr. Ch. Chhabra (India).

The Early Sites Research Society (ESRS) (1 p) Barry Fell 2/1-p 25
The two societies have developed cordial relations and cooperation on a broad front. ESRS issues a Bulletin. Its Editor is William B. Nisbet. Founder and Archeological Director of the ESRS is James P. Whittall II.

Lectures in Massachusetts (1 p) Barry Fell 2/1-p 25
In April 1975, Fell addressed the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute on epigraphy and early Iberian & Libyan voyages. Early in May he spoke again to a meeting of the ESRS.

26 Mailu, an African Language of New Guinea (20 pp) Barry Fell 2/1-p 26
Mailu, spoken in southeastern Papua, New Guinea, is identified as a partly creolized member of the group of African tongues now spoken in the Upper Nile Valley in the region of Lake Victoria. Fell suggests that Nubian gold-miners (slaves of the Egyptian Ramesides) came to Sumatra and, when the mines were abandoned c. 1000 BC, established settlements in New Guinea and New Britain.

27 Egyptian Gold-seekers and Exploration in the Pacific (10 pp) George F. Carter 2/1-p 46
Abbreviation and translation of H. Quiring's Die Goldinsel des Isador von Sevilla, Aegypter der 20 Dynastie Als Entdecker und Kulturbringer in Ostasien. Bibliography on page 55.

Biographic Information on Dr. George Carter (1p) Barry Fell 2/1-p 54
One of the world's leading geographers, Dr. Carter teaches at Texas A&M University. He is a Fellow of the American Geographical Society.

28 An Ecliptic Rebus by Maui (2 pp) Barry Fell 2/1-p 56
The rebus was found adjacent to a depiction of a torquetum (an early navigational instrument invented by Eratosthenes) in a cave in Sosorra, West Irian, by the Frobenius Expendition of 1937-1938. It was published by Josef Röder as R3179 in 1959. Sentiel Rommel cooperated with Fell (whose translation of the rebus is given) and reconstructed the torquetum.

29 Maui's Tanawa — a Torquetum of 232 B.C. (7 pp) Sentiel Rommel 2/1-p 58
He illustrates the torquetum discussed in the previous paper and describes its use.

Biographic Information on Dr. Sentiel Rommel (1 p) Barry Fell 2/1-p 64
He has a degree in science from the United States Naval Academy as well as a Masters in Engineering and a PhD from the University of Maine. He is a Fellow and a Founder of the Epigraphic Society.

30 An Ancient Polynesian Star Atlas of 232 B.C. Part 2 (4 pp) Barry Fell 2/1-p 65
Maui crossed equator in the late Summer of 232 BC. He left a map in a sea-cave in Egyptian hieroglyphics and Maori (Libyan) script.

31 Moses: Meaning in a Name (7 pp) Norman Totten 2/1-p 69
Derivation and versions of the Hebrew/Egyptian name, Mose(s).

32 Phonetic Mutation in Polynesian Languages (15 pp) Barry Fell 2/1-p 76
Reprint of a 1973 paper by Fell in which he claims to have solved the ancient Polynesian alphabet. He holds that modern Polynesian is derived from Libyan.

33 Egyptian Sprang Technique in an Arizona Textile (3 pp) Bucky King 2/1-p 91
The author notes examples of sprang technique similar to Egyptian in Peru, New Mexico and Arizona.

The printing of this first edition has been made possible through the generosity of Ruth K. Hanner

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications
Table of Contents, Vol. 2/2, 1975

Paper No

34 Libyan Visitors to Scandinavia in the Early Bronze Age (3 pp) Barry Fell 2/2-p 1
A Swedish bronze age rock engraving carries an inscription in the Libyan (Mauri) language.

35 Place Names as One Key to Prehistoric Vocabularies (2 pp) Norman Totten 2/2-p 4
The reconstruction of extinct languages through the etymological analysis of place names.

36 Indo-European Roots in Two Ancient Maori Inscriptions (1 p) Linus Brunner 2/2-p 6
Discusses the derivation of certain words found in an inscription from Java deciphered by Fell.

37 Egyptian Influence in Hawaiian Petroglyphs (9 pp) Ruth K. Hanner 2/2-p 7
She gives examples from Luahiwa, Lanai, Hawaii. She believes them to be Egyptian or produced under Egyptian inspiration. Biographic information is given on the author, a Founding Fellow of The Epigraphic Society.

38 An Ancient Maori Text in Libyan Script from Otaki, New Zealand (9 pp) Barry Fell 2/2-p 16
It is a Marama-taka (Fishing Calendar). Maori content of 30 lines of ancient Libyan script.

39 Protosanskrit, A Bronze-age Language of Mohenjo Daro (32 pp) Barry Fell 2/2-p 25
Fell tackles the Indus Valley script as depicted on seals (Fell first attacked this problem in 1973).

40 Some Remarks on Protosanskrit (2 pp) Linus Brunner 2/2-p 57
Notes sent to Fell enlarging on the etymology of words on the Indus Valley seals.

41 Cultural Comparisons and Diffusions (7 pp) Norman Totten 2/2-p 59
Definitions and use of terms: ethnographic analogy, cultural diffusion, independent invention, etc.

42 East African Vocabulary in New Guinea and Polynesia (3 pp) Barry Fell 2/2-p 66
Comparative tables of Extra-Nilotic (Swahili) and Papuan (Mailu) vocabularies.

A Neolithic Universal? (1 p) Barry Fell 2/2-p 68
Comparison of New Zealand Kuri with the Hausa kairre, kura; Lapp kuria; English cur; ON kurra; Celtic cu.

43 Iberian Inscriptions in Paraguay ca 4th c. B.C. (10 pp) Barry Fell & Erik P. Reinert 2/2-p 69
Inscriptions found on th walls of a cave at Cerro Guazu, Amambay, in northeast Paraguay. Fell says they are in the Ogham script, Punic Language.

44(l) The Inscribed Stone from Comassakumkanit (3 pp) James P. Whittall II 2/2-p 79
An inscription found on Cape Cod south of Great Herring Pond, Bourndale, Massachusetts, known since about 1658.

44(2) An Iberian-Punic Stele of Hanno (3 pp) Barry Fell 2/2-p 82
Fell deciphers the Comassakumkanit inscription left by Hanno, a Carthaginian explorer.

45 Epigraphy of the Susquehanna Steles (8 pp) Barry Fell 2/2-p 85
Decipherment of the Mechanicsburg (Susquehanna), PA, Stones. According to Fell they are in the Basque language and in the Iberic script.

The printing of this first edition was made possible through the generosity of Ruth K. Hanner

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications

Table of Contents, Vol. 3/1, 1976

46 A Fifth-century Moroccan Emigration to North America. (10 pp) Barry Fell 3/1-p 4
A long rupestral inscription from El Hadj Mimoun, near Figuig, in Morocco, discovered by Flamand in 1921.

47 Implications of the Figuig Decipherment, (10 pp) Norman Totten 3/1-p 14
Dates insc. to 535 AD referring to a voyage to North America about 480 AD.

48 An Arabic Dialect In Ancient Moroccan Inscriptions. (12 pp) Barry Fell 3/1-p 24
Inquiry into other so-called Libyo-Berber inscriptions in Morocco. Includes a graphic of Ancient Maghrib characters.

49 The First European Colonists in New England. (5 pp) Norman Totten 3/1-p 36
Speech to jt. mtg. Epig. Soc., NEARA, & ESRS, Univ. Museum, Harvard Univ., 30 Aug. 1975. Includes biographic information on Harold S. Gladwin, Robert Stone, Barry Fell, Gloria Farley, John A. Williams, and James Whittall.

50 Celtic Iberian Inscriptions of New England. (5 pp) Barry Fell 3/1-p 41
Early Ogam script (vowel-less; called Consaine Ogam) found in Portugal, Canaries, & North America.

51 An Early Calendar Site in Central Vermont. (3 pp) Byron E. Dix 3/1-p 46
Possible astronomical alignments are delineated.

52 PreColumbian Parallels between Mediterranean and New England Archeology. (5 pp) James P. Whittall II 3/1-p 49
Abstract of a preliminary report submitted to ESRS, NEARA and the Epigraphic Society.

53 Inscribed Sarsen Stones in Vermont. (2 pp) Barry Fell & John Williams 3/1-p 54
Large prostrate sarsen stones in Vermont near South Woodstock have Ogham inscriptions.

54 Ancient Arabic Script and Vocabulary of the Algonquian Indians. (3 pp) Barry Fell 3/1-p 56
(graphic of scripts shown).

55 A Celtiberian (Gadelic) Law-Tablet from Ourique, Portugal. (3 pp) Barry Fell 3/1-p 59
Fragmented and incomplete, it is in the collection of Santiago de CacŽm, Portugal; from Ourique. Graphics of Ogam, Iberic, and Ourique characters shown.

56 A Dialect of Ancient Greek from South-eastern Spain. (6 pp) Barry Fell 3/1-p 62
Several docs. in Iberic of late date seem to reflect a peculiar dialect of Greek.

57 Ancient Iberian Compass Dials from Liria, Spain; and A Related Object from Tennessee. (6 pp) Barry Fell 3/1-p 68
Reports on two of four identified magnetic compass dials made of ceramic, and lettered with cardinal points and operating instructions in the Iberic language. All four are from the general area of Valencia, but the other two are not from Liria.

58 A Celtiberian Funeral Stele in Navarra, Spain, Inscribed in 0gam. (2 pp) Barry Fell 3/1-p 74
Piedra de Roldan, Erroldan-Arriya, Navarra, translated by Fell.

59 Atnakuna Motifs on Egyptian Figurines. (3 pp) David Oedel 3/1-p 76
Symbols noted on the backs of Ushabtis buried with mummies bear resemblance to N. American symbols.

60 A Possible Plinth Monument in Central Vermont. (6 pp) Byron E. Dix 3/1-p 79
A plinth, used to determine the midday altitude of the sun, has possibly been found in Vermont.

61 A Second Early Calendar Site in Central Vermont. (18 pp) Byron E. Dix 3/1-p 85
Alignments and calendrical aspects of the site are discussed.

On the Cover
This mysterious life-size sculpture was found at Hillsboro. New Hampshire, during excavations in the 1950's. It is one of a series of comparable sculptures found at various times in New England soil, now believed to be the work of the Iberic cultures whose emigration to America can be detected from inscriptions. Drawn by Gertrude Johnson. (By permission of the Early Sites Research Society).

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications

Table of Contents, Vol. 3/2, 1976

62 Unde Origo? — The Crisis in Linguistics Today; Bibliography. (13 pp) Marge E. Landsberg 3/2-p 3
The Amerind portion of her Materials for a Bibliography of Trans-Linguistic Studies.

63 The Roots of Libyan. (6 pp) Barry Fell 3/2-p 16
List of roots possibly part of vocabulary of Libyan Mariners.

64 Structure of The Zuni Language. (10 pp) Barry Fell 3/2-p 22
Zunis apparently speak a creolinized dialect of Libyan.

65 An Ancient Judean Inscription from Tennessee. (5 pp) Robert E. Stieglitz 3/2-p 32
Decipherment of the Bat Creek Inscription.

66 A Theory Concerning The Indus Seals. (10 pp) Donal B. Buchanan 3/2-p 37
Suggests that the seals were associated with trade and the animal figures were totemic.

67 The Romano-Celtic Phase at Mystery Hill, New Hampshire in New England. (3 pp) Barry Fell 3/2-p 47
Decipherment of the Beltane Stone found at North Salem, New Hampshire.

68 The Gowen Bluff Shelter. (2 pp) Gloria Farley 3/2-p 50
Recording petroglyphs at a site near Gowen, Oklahoma.

69 Inscriptions from Mid-America. (10 pp) Gloria Farley 3/2-p 52
Records the Cass (Arkansas), Cimarron (Oklahoma), Warner (Oklahoma), Turkey Mtn. (Oklahoma), & Hillsboro (Missouri) petroglyphs. Gloria Farley was elected Fellow of the Society in 1976.

70 L'Étymologie et les Migrations Polynésienness — Où était situé Havaiki? (3 pp) Linus Brunner 3/2-p 62
A theory concerning the origins of the Polynesians as revealed by etymology.

71 Remains of Indo-Aryan Culture on the Hawaiian Islands. (7 pp) B. Ch. Chhabra 3/2-p 65
Demonstrates contact between Asia, South Asia, and Polynesia. Biographic information on Chhabra is given.

72 Possible Libyan Petromanteia in Quebec. (5 pp) Barry Fell 3/2-p 72
The Sherbrooke Inscription as an example of rock- divining.

73 The Most Sacred Season. (3 pp) Techqua Ikachi 3/2-p 77
The time of Ka-mu-ya (December), preparation for new life, the sowing of the seeds of the coming year.

74 The Pima Myth of Persephone. (7 pp) Barry Fell 3/2-p 80
Pima chants (recorded by Frank Russell) show Arabic (Semitic) vocabulary.

75 Two Ancient Iberian Hospitality Pledges and Their Texts. (3 pp) Barry Fell & Gertrude Johnson 3/2-p 87
Examples of Iberian tesserae hospitalis in Latin and Iberic (both from Southeastern Spain).

76 The Etymology of Some Ancient American Inscriptions (6pp) Barry Fell 3/2-p 90
Cuenca Elephant Stele, Rio Grande Inscription, Cimarron Cliff, Catfish Painting, Grave Creek & Braxton tablets.

On the Cover
Knowledge of the African elephant was brought to America 2000 years ago by emigrants from North Africa, This inscription in the Libyan language is one of a series found in Cuenca. The inscription is referred to in article no. 76.

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications
Table of Contents, Vol. 4/1, 1977

77 The Minoan Language — Linear A decipherment (67 pp) Barry Fell 4/1-p 12 [In this section, the first number given below is the page number in the paper; the second is the page number in the volume.]
Fell holds that the Linear A Script reflects a language close to Hittite.

Introduction p. 1 (12)
Linear A Matrix p. 2 (13)
Isomorphic Equations p. 4 Equations p. 4 (15)
Inferred Paleographic Distribution of Signs p. 8 (19)
Accidence — Nouns p. 9 (20)
Verbs p. 10 (21)
Vocabulary of Minoan Words in Linear A 11 -- 40 (22 --51)
Material Studied p. 40 (51)
Minoan Society p. 40 (51)
The Urban Centers p, 40 (51)
Government and Administration p. 41 p. 41 (52)
The Agricultural Economy p. 42 (53)
The Wine Harvest p. 43 (54)
The Wheat Harvest p. 43 (54)
The Olive Harvest p. 44 (54)
Household Economy p. 51 (60)
Inscriptions on Drinking Cups p. 53 Drinking Cups p. (62)
Harvest Festival 1250 B.C. p. 54 (63)
The Omens p. 54 (63)
The Palace Inventories p. 54 (63)
Graffiti and Signatures p. 54 (63)
References p. 54. (63)
Various tablets & Decipherments pp 55-65 (64 --77)
Appendix: Layout of a Bronze Age Orchard p 66 (78)
Nine Steps in the Decipherment of an Unknown Language in an Unknown Script Barry Fell p 67 (79)
It is possible that these steps, in the proper hands, could be incorporated in a computer program.

78 Fell: A Letter from Hiram III, ca 540 B.C. (12 pp) Barry Fell 4/1-p 80
Reprint of a December 1973 paper. Fell holds that Minoan, Paphian, and Etruscan are inter-related languages of the Anatolian group.

79 Fell: The Phaistos Disk ca 1600 B.C. (17 pp) Barry Fell 4/1-p 92
Reprint of a paper published in December 1973 about the decipherment of a bifacial ceramic tablet, the Phaistos Disk, in the Herakleion Museum.

80 Fell: A Dialect of Minoan from Cyprus (5 pp) Barry Fell 4/1-p 109
Reprint of a December 1973 paper identifying a Minoan dialect in Cyprus reflected in Cypriot inscriptions.

81 A Text to Change the History of the World (3 pp) Reuel A. Lochore 4/1-p 115
This article on the work of Barry Fell originally appeared in the New Zealand Listener. Biographic information is given on Dr. Reuel Lochore, linguist & former New Zealand ambassador to Bonn. He was educated in various New Zealand and German Universities and holds a PhD in language & logic. He specializes in Anatolian languages.

82 Phaistos Disk: The Oldest Printed Text. (5 pp) Norman Totten 4/1-p 118
Reports on the Phaistos Disk (found in Crete; now in Herakleion Museum).

On the Cover
Harvest Festival, 1450 BC (See p. 54, no 77).

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications

Table of Contents, Vol. 4/2, 1977

83 Greek Place Names in South America (6 pp) Henriette Mertz 4/2-p 5
Villages in South America bear Greek names: witness to a history now lost.

84 Co a biad na Cruithnich? (5 pp) Aonghas mac Eanruig 4/2-p 11
He suggests that the Pictish language is non-Celtic. A graphic of the Aboyne Stele is shown, with a partial translation. [Note: Buchanan has translated the inscription on the Aboyne Stele. It is in a basically Celtic language heavily larded with Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse loan-words. This and other Scottish Ogham inscriptions will be the subject of a future paper.]

85 Epigraphy on Medieval Coins (9 pp) Norman Totten 4/2-p 16
Characteristics of writing which developed along non-classical lines as shown from coins.

86 The Eye of God and the Agricultural Grid (11 pp) Norman Totten 4/2-p 25
Concentrates on the two motifs found in New England and Iberia.

87 A Phallic Inscription in Western Mexico (2 pp) Donal Buchanan 4/2-p 36
A Tanit altar? Vindication of a similar inscription found in Vermont.

88 Carthaginian Coins Found in Arkansas and Alabama (7 pp) Norman Totten 4/2-p 38
Coins reported to the Society by Gloria Farley are examined by Dr. Totten. Biographic information on Totten is given.

89 The Status of Arabian Archeology and Epigraphy (4 pp) Robert W. Lebling 4/2-p 45
A wealth of epigraphic and arch¾ological evidence lies waiting in the Arabian peninsula.

90 Linguistic Terminology, 1 (3 pp) Norman Totten 4/2-p 49
An introductory list of technical words relating to the study of ancient writings.

91 Pre-Islamic Libyans (6 pp) Harold S. Gladwin 4/2-p 52
Discussing the tribal makeup and extent of the ancient Libyan nation.

92 Takhelne, A Living Celtiberian Language (28 pp) Barry Fell 4/2-p 58
Substance of a lecture delivered 20 Nov 1976 at Hammond Museum, N. Salem, Westchester, NY.

93 The Pontotoc Stone (2 pp) Gloria Farley 4/2-p 86
Report on an inscribed stone found in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma.

94 Some Notes on Zuni (7 pp) George F. Carter 4/2-p 88
Discussion of Fell's finding that the Zuni seem to have North African connections and language.

95 Whence the Cuna Tree-of-Life Ceremony? (6 pp) Clyde Keeler 4/2-p 95
Cuna ceremonial and legend is much like those in Mesopotamia.

96 Amphorettas from Maine and Iberia (3 pp) Barry Fell & James P. Whittall II 4/2-p 101
Finds of amphorettas are tied to the Manana Island inscription deciphered by Fell (ESRS Bulletin, Fall 1976).

97 Patterns of Symmetry in Norse Inscriptions (9 pp) Alf Monge 4/2-p 104
An introduction to Runic Cryptography.

98 A Proclamation (1 p) Michael S. Dukakis 4/2-p 113
The Governor of Massachusetts proclaims 30 July 1976 as Viking Thanksgiving Day in honor of Leif Ericson and other Viking explorers.

On the Cover

A Carthaginian bronze coin minted about 350 BC, in imitation of silver dekadrachms of the Greek city of Syracuse, At least two examples have recently been found in the United States. Professor Norman Totten discusses their significance in article number 88.

99 Restored Greek Content of OPES 56 as deciphered by Fell. (3 pp) Linus Brunner 5/1-p 1
The author, a Fellow of the Society and an Emeritus Professor of Greek and Latin, supports Fell's decipherment of the Pujol inscription (Castellon de la Plana) as Greek. [Buchanan note: But the text was faulty! Fell made 9 errors in transcription in the first line alone!]

Letter:Possible Georgian-Basque Affinities: a Georgian tablet from Spain. (3 pp) Julian G. Fernandez 5/1-p 4
Forwards an article in Georgian re Basque-Georgian similarities from publication "Motherland."

100 Etruscan (continued from OPES vol 4, no 88) (48 pp) Barry Fell 5/1-p 7
Decipherment of a number of important Etruscan inscriptions.
Results of the decipherment —Administration — Literature — Origin of the Petrarchian Sonnet — Religion of the Etruscans — Etruscan Legal Documents — The Resurrection Hymn — Funerary Phalluses and Their Texts — Other Funerary Inscriptions — The Toscanella Dice — Linguistic Relationships — Loan Vocabulary — Method of Decipherment — Tests for the Veracity of the Decipherment — Ventris' Rules — Pasteur's Test — Declension of the Personal Pronouns — Demonstratives — The Etruscan Verb — The Etruscan Noun — The Etruscan Adjective — Declension of Nouns — Vocabulary.

101      Correspondence: (35 pp) 5/1-p 55
            Origin of the Polynesian Vocabulary (4 pp) Reuel Lochore 5/1-p 55
            States that Brunner's work supports that of Lochore and Fell re the homeland of Polynesians.
            America B.C. (3 pp) Harold S. Gladwin 5/1-p 59
            Calls it an important work.
            Expedicion Breogan (7 pp) Fernando Alonso Romero 5/1-p 61
            Curing Skins for a Celtic Vessel (2 pp) Santiago Domingues 5/1-p 68
            Information on a nautical experiment: crossing from Galicia to    Ireland in a leather & wicker craft.
            Sanskrit Roots in Western North America (1 p) Donald B. Lawrence & Makarand Jawadakar 5/1-p 73
            Presented at the World Sanskrit Conference in Paris, in June 1977: Sanskrit roots exist in Indian languages in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California.
            The Willard Stone (1 p) Gloria Farley 5/1-p 74
            Description (with a graphic) of a stone bearing a short inscription found near Willard, Missouri.
            Entdeckungen Amerikas v Chr. (2 pp) Linus Brunner 5/1-p 75
            A review, in German, of America BC.
            Ardmore Inscription (2 pp) Gloria Farley 5/1-p 75
            Report on an inscribed boulder found in Ardmore, Oklahoma.
            Tennessee Disk (2 pp) Gloria Farley 5/1-p 77
            Report on a small inscribed disk found along the Tennessee    River below Hiwasee Island (see ESOP 3.1, #57).
            The Tennessee Disk (6 pp) James E. Kelley 5/1-p 79
            Report on the disk from Tennessee (with a graphic). He     suggests it is an amulet.
            Five-foot Ogam from Cimarron (2 pp) Gloria Farley 5/1-p 85
            Report on a long Ogam inscription in the Oklahoma pan-handle, Cimarron site (a large eroded cave).
Analysis of Markings on the Tennessee Disk (4 pp) Rollin W. Gillespie 5/1-p 86
            Suggests that the disk may be a device to predict eclipses.

102 Pre-Columbian Inscriptions (8 pp) Gloria Farley 5/1-p 90
Discusses the Pontotoc Stone, the Cimarron Site, & other Okla- homa inscriptions as well as the Tennessee disk and an Arkansas coin.

103 Anubis and Placental "Dogs" (4 pp) Clyde Keeler 5/1-p 98
Discussion and comparison of Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Greek & Amerindian mythology re the Underworld.

104 Denomination of Cardinal Points (4 pp) Linus Brunner 5/1-p 102
Different ways of naming the cardinal points in human speech.

105 Computerization of Consonantal Frequency. (3 pp) Sentiel Rommel 5/1-p 106
Describes a computer program which will plot a frequency spectrograph of the consonants in a language.

106 Alphabets of the Berbers (4 pp) Daniel G. Brinton 5/1-p 109
Describes the alphabets in use by modern Berbers.

The Rumney New Hampshire Inscribed Blue Stone Bead. (1 p) Lynn Chong 5/1-p 112
The writer suggests that the bead might have been a surveyor's tool for the laying out of ancient worship sites.

On the Cover

The new decipherments of Etruscan disclose that much of our modern law descends from Etruria. The illustration shows a portion of the text (reading right to left) of the Laws on burglary, engraved on a stone stele at Volterra, Italy. On the same stone, reference is made to a Jury of Twelve. See article 100 in this issue.

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications
Table of Contents, Vol. 5/2, 1978

107 Tree of Life and Labyrinth (32 pp) Clyde Keeler 5/2-p 5
Interpretation of the underlying Babylonian and Minoan features of Cuna (Kuna) Indian mythology.

108 Analysis of the Phaistos Decipherment (47 pp) Reuel Lochore 5/2-p 37
He suggests alternative readings.

109 The Bache Gravestone (2 pp) Gloria Farley 5/2-p 84
An inscribed stone found near Bache, Oklahoma (with a graphic).

110 Some Celtic Phalli (5 pp) Barry Fell 5/2-p 86
Phalli from Portugal and Vermont carrying Ogam inscriptions.

111 Comparisons of Potsherds from Tunisia and Morocco, IVc A.D. (3 pp) Gertrude B. Johnson 5/2-p 91
Discusses potsherds from a Roman site in Africa (Borj Younga, Central Tunisia).

112 The word Soul in Different Languages (3 pp) Linus Brunner 5/2-p 94
Comparative etymology of the word for "soul."

113 Iberic in Norway? (4 pp) Barry Fell 5/2-p 97
Suggests that some inscriptions in Norway may be Iberic.

114 The Cuna Soul Boat (17 pp) Clyde Keeler 5/2-p 101
Describes a Cuna burial practice.

115 Eastern Norse Runes of the Roman Iron Age (3 pp) Barry Fell 5/2-p 118
Inscriptions from Slavic areas which may be Runic.

The occurrence of identical or nearly identical labyrinth designs in the Old and New World has long been an unexplained mystery. Recent advances in linguistics and comparative mythology are now bringing us to the solution of how the designs were transmitted to America. See article 107 by Dr Clyde Keeler in this issue.

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications
Table of Contents, Vol. 6/1, 1979

116 Ogam Arabic Inscriptions in North and South Africa (4 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 23
Libyan and South African inscriptions (with graphics).

117 Late Roman Inscription from the Canary Islands (4 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 27
Maghrib (Moroccan dialect of classical Arabic) probably about 364-455 AD (see ESOP 3 #48).

118 Tamacheq, a Living Dialect of Libyan (4 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 31
Taking an inscription from Luka, Sura 18 in Libyan, Fell shows similarity to Polynesian cognates.

119 Berber Roots in Polynesian (8 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 35
Fell identifies a third source of Polynesian vocabulary (Berber) besides Maori and Libyan.

120 An Ancient Libyan Mariner's Prayer (2 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 43
Reported from the Canary Islands (see ESOP 6.1 #117).

121 A Basic Egypto-Polynesian Word List (40 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 45
Egyptian (East Libyan) roots in Polynesian.

122 An Inscription of King Masinissa ca 138 B.C. (4 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 85
Bilingual Libyo-Punic inscription from Thougga (now held in the Louvre) (see Chabot, 1918).

123 Arab Horse-Racing in Ancient Libya (4 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 89
Translation of an inscription reported by Chabot in Melanges Epigraphiques, 1921.

124 Petroglyphs on St John (US Virgin Islands) (4 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 93
Decipherment of Libyan inscription carved above a rock-pool, Reef Bay Valley, St. John, US Virgin Islands.

125 Plague and Cat Worship in Ancient Libya (4 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 97
Medical inscription found 1902 in Thougga, now in Museum of Bardo.

126 Hunting Inscriptions of the Ancient Libyans (8 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 101
Rupestral inscriptions from southwest of the Fezzan region, Libya.

127 Libyan Evidence in Southeast Kentucky (6 pp) Warren J. & Annette E. Calhoun 6/1-p 109
Carloftis sculptures (Livingston, Kentucky), Rockcastle Site #2, Virginia Sculpture (w/graphics).

128 Sculptures Bearing Libyan-Ogham Inscriptions (2 pp) Barry Fell 6/1-p 115
Fell suggests the inscriptions are Libyan Ogam.

On the Cover

Petroglyph of a Zebra from the Transvaal, accompanied by an ogam descriptive comment in Libyan Arabic, one of a series of ancient African inscriptions that make use of the ogam consonantal alphabet. 0gam consaine, or "ogam without vowels" occurs in the oldest Irish inscriptions, on the mainland of Europe, in Africa and in North America. It was first recorded from Ireland by Roghan Ruadh ua Suilleabhain, and noted by the Irish lexicographer Padraig Dineen in 1901, 1927 and subsequently overlooked until American examples were recognized in 1975. English archeologists deny the existence of any kind of ogam other than the one variety studied in the nineteenth century.

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications
Table of Contents, Vol. 6/2, 1979

Paper No.

129 Etymology of The Minoan Language (5 pp) Linus Brunner 6/2-p 121
Brunner comments on Fell's decipherment of Minoan as an Indo- European language closely related to Hittite. He gives a comparative etymology of Minoan words derived by Fell's decipherments.

130 Minoan Decorative Motifs (2 pp) Gertrude B. Johnson 6/2-p 126
These motifs were collected and drawn (graphics shown) from various sources.

Kolumbus nicht der Erste (1 p) Linus Brunner 6/2-p 128
A review of America BC for the German publication, Ostschweiz, 2 Apr 1978.

131 Symbolic Field Patterns: Four American Examples (3 pp) Norman Totten 6/2-p 129
Totten discusses boundary markers, sun symbols and field patterns.

12 Sites Suggested forWorld Heritage List (1 p) UNESCO 6/2-p 132
A UNESCO announcement of the selection of twelve cultural and natural sites in seven countries, setting them aside for preservation.

Petroglyphs Suggest Prehistoric Migrations (5 pp) Eleonora Novgodorova 6/2-p 133
Soviet & Mongol archaeologists find new and important evidence about the eastward movement of peoples.

Odyssey of the Irish: Blood Group and Craniometric Analysis (19 pp) Albert E. Casey & Eleanor L. Downey-Price 6/2-p 138
Reprinted from the Alabama Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 15, #1, 1978.

132 Madoc — A Persistent Legend (9 pp) Tristan Jones 6/2-p 157
Examination of the case for early Welsh visits to the Americas, specifically, that of Madoc. Short Biographic material on the author is available.

Letter from Dr Mohamed Jarary (1 p) 6/2-p 166
Announcement of the establishment of a Research Centre in Tripoli, Libya, under the auspices of El Fatah University. Asks for assistance in provision of materials for the Centre.

133 Elements of Maya Arithmetic with Particular Attention to the Calendar (14 pp) Charles C. Fulton 6/2-p 167
Originally published as #85 of Notes on Middle American Archaeology and Ethnology, 14 Nov. 1947.

134 Cockaponsett Carvings (8 pp) Frederick J. Pohl 6/2-p 181
Discusses carvings and cupule patterns found in the Cockaponsett area of Connecticut.

135 Center for the Ancients (3 pp) Gloria Farley 6/2-p 189
Discusses sites in Colorado, New Mexico and Oklahoma, all within a 50 mile radius. A boat graphic is shown.

136 The Cresson Shell (3 pp) Elizabeth Lockwood Coombs 6/2-p 192
An incised shell, bored for wearing, found in 1891, shows a picture of a mammoth (graphic shown).

137 Inscriptions and Other Features at Cockaponsett (5 pp) John Gallagher 6/2-p 195
Further discussion of carvings and cupules at Cockaponsett, Connecticut.

138 Two Southwestern Petroglyph Sites (9 pp) Don Rickey 6/2-p 200
One is at Hackberry Springs, Colorado, and the other at Waterflow, New Mexico (the latter was deciphered by Fell).

Report on A Rupestral Inscription from Waterflow, New Mexico (2 pp) Barry Fell 6/2-p 209
Fell gives his decipherment of the petroglyphic inscription mentioned in the previous paper. He reads the script as Libyan Tifinag and the language as a Moroccan dialect of Iberic.

A graceful tapered Minoan ceramic vessel, used for serving liquids at table. Having no base, such a vessel had to be held during the meal by a serving man. Related forms, some termed amphorettas, are being discovered on the seabed, and also depicted in petroglyphs, in North America.

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications
Table of Contents, Vol. 7/1, 1979

Medical Terminology of the Micmac and Abenaki Languages (14 pp) Barry Fell 7/1-p7
Cognates shared with Greek and Egyptian languages.

Takhelne, A North American Celtic Language, Pt. 2 (22 pp) Barry Fell 7/1-p 21
Takhelne, spoken in the lakes region of the Fraser River Valley in British Columbia, shows a connection to Celtic.

New Etymology of Hittite (8 pp) Linus Brunner 7/1-p 43
Hittite is believed by Brunner (and Fell) to be Indo-European, but some correspondence to Semitic languages can be shown.

Additional Lirian Compass Dial Inscriptions from Spain and New Mexico (3 pp) Barry Fell 7/1-p 51
Pottery sherds inscribed in Iberic or Iberian Greek in South Spain and New Mexico are believed to derive from ancient "compass bowls."

Iconography of the Narmer Palette: Origin of Egyptian Writing (8 pp) Norman Totten 7/1-p 55
The palette dates from the earliest dynastic period and shows the beginning of hieroglyphic writing.

The Anubis Fetish of Tutankhamun (3 pp) Clyde Keeler 7/1-p 63
Keeler relates the fetish to Kuna motifs and rites.

Searching out the Sites (4 pp) Gloria Farley 7/1-p 67
Reprinted from the New England Social Studies Bulletin, Vol. 36, No. 1, 1978.

Sherds and Artifacts of North Africa and Northeast North America (12 pp) Gertrude Johnson 7/1-p 71
Illustrated by the author.

Three Vocabularies from West Africa (7 pp) G. Edmond Stelling 7/1-p 83
Comparative vocabularies are given for Vai, Belle, and Grebo (for which no dictionaries exist).

Redbird River Inscription (2 pp) Vernon J. Calhoun 7/1-p 90
Description of an inscription (illustrated by Annette E. Calhoun) at Site 1, Clay County, Kentucky.

The Inscribed Rock near Spuzzum, British Columbia (7 pp) Bruce A. MacDonald 7/1-p 93
The rock is located east of the Fraser River opposite Spuzzum (the inscription is shown).

A Taxonomy Spinoff of Papyrus (1 p) John N. McGovern 7/1-p 100
The derivation of the word "Papyrus" and its influence on taxonomic terminology.

Phenomenology of Human Behaviour (6 pp) Pedro J. Arenas Zaefferer 7/1-p 101
Connections and coherence among different disciplines relating to human behavior.

Did the Maya have a Zero? (7 pp) Charles C. Fulton 7/1-p 107
The meanings of our zero and the Maya zero symbols.

Origin of the word CARD (1 pp) Linus Brunner 7/1-p 113
He suggests that the word derives from Middle Egyptian.

On the Cover

The protective eyes of Horus, an ancient Egyptian motif, as rendered by Daniel Kolos, from an Eighteenth Dynasty original Numerous engraved motifs based on the eye are being reported now from North American sites and many of them appear to be of ancient origin. See OPES, Vol 6, p. 34, for information on full-color versions of the Egyptian studies by Kolos.

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications
Table of Contents, Vol. 7 /2, 1979

Inhaltsverzeichnis vorheriger ausgaben (3 pp) Helke W. Phelps 7/2-p 119
German language summary of the contents of back issues of ESOP.

Ancient Greek in Malayo-Polynesian languages (3 pp) Linus Brunner 7/2-p 123
Suggests Greeks were among the Libyan crews who traveled the Pacific.

Cuna-Mediterranean Parallels (1 p) Clyde Keeler 7/2- p 125
Connections to Egyptian religious motifs.

Pope John Paul II, a distinguished Polish linguist (1 p) 7/2-p126
Elected Pope John Paul II 17 Oct 1978.

Ancient Diamond Miners in South Africa (7 pp) Brenda Sullivan 7/2-p 127
Petroglyphs and artifacts left by ancient miners.

Exploring Northern New Jersey (8 pp) William P. Child 7/2-p 134
Sacred sites in the Ramapo Mountains of NJ (Hemlock Hill, Rock Pile, Tripod Rock, Sacred Mesa).

"Root Cellar" in Vermont Carbon-dated to 545 A.D. (1 p) James P. Whittall II 7/2-p 142
Carbon date from Richards Site, Putney, Vermont Stone Structure = 545 AD plus/minus 190 years.

Prepositions in Hieroglyphic Micmac (3 pp) Barry Fell 7/2-p 143
Signs are derived from Egyptian Hieroglyphic and Hieratic scripts.

Micmac Manuscripts (20 pp - 5 + 15) Barry Fell 7/2-pp146, 167
Relates the signs to Egyptian Hieroglyphs. Kyrie Eleison, Agnus Dei and Gloria in Micmac.

South to Eldorado (3 pp) Norman Totten 7/2-p 151
Relates Totten's visit to Mexico and San Blas Islands in search of "Epigraphic Gold."

An Ancient Libyan Epitaph from Nubia (3 pp) Barry Fell 7/2-p155
Rupestral Libyan inscription in Arabic from Khor Kilobersa, Nubia (reads R-L, bottom to top).

Zulu and Ashanti Symbols (2 pp) Brenda Sullivan 7/2-p 158
Zulu symbols carved on love pendants; Ashanti Akua'ba figures similar to Ankh and Tanith.

An Interview with Barry Fell (7 pp) NE Social Studies Bulletin 7/2-p 160
Reprinted from the New England Social Studies Bulletin, Fall 1978 (Jefferson Co., PA, inscription shown).

Inscribed Stones from Kent County, Michigan (5 pp) E.R. Moore 7/2-p 182
Zoomorphic (bird effigy?) stones found in Solon Township, Kent Co., MI, bearing possible writing.

Ancient Celtiberian and Mediterranean Peoples in the New World (3 pp) Roberta C. Smith 7/2-p 190
Brief review of sites showing Old World-New World contact before Columbus.

Decalogue Tablet, Newark, Ohio (7 pp) Dana C. Savage Jr. 7/2-p 193
Excavated with other artifacts in 1860 during excavation of the "Great Stone Stack."

Numerals and Epigraphy (7 pp) L. Lyle Underwood 7/2-p200
Review of number systems and symbols used to represent numbers.

How Champollion Solved the Hieratic Script (2 pp) Barry Fell 7/2-p 208
Fell replies to criticism of his translations of Egyptian.

Ten Iberian Inscriptions (15 pp) Donal Buchanan 7/2-p 210
Buchanan published ten inscriptions as Semitic [but later he repudiated most if not all of these translations: he discovered the language for most of the Iberian inscriptions had to be Indo-European].

Anubis in Oklahoma (7 pp) Gloria Farley & Clyde Keeler 7/2-p 225
Report of the Anubis Cave and the inscriptions found there and elsewhere in Cimmaron River area.

Ogam-inscribed Gravestone (1 p) James P. Whittall II 7/2-p 232
Found on Skellig Michael off the coast of County Kerry, Ireland.

Cartouche of Shishonq in Spain (1 pp) Barry Fell 7/2-p 233
Engraved on an alabaster trade vase found in Tomb 16, Almunecar.

Ptolemaic Tetradrachm from Queensland (1 p)Barry Fell 7/2-p 234
Australian press reports coin found on Atherton Tableland, Queensland, Australia.

Libyan Anubis in Southern Spain (1 p) Barry Fell 7/2-p 235
Discovered on alabaster funerary vases in tombs at Almunecar, Southern Spain.

Silver Tetradrachm of Philip II in Montana: Coin Found - or Lost Coin? (1 p) Riley Sunderland 7/2-p 236
Found by a local rancher four feet below the surface.

A Possible Megalithic Calendar Site (4 pp) John H. Bradner 7/2-p 237
Shaped and inscribed stones found in a large site in the western Ramapo Mountains.

Minoan and Aegean Symbols at Driekopseiland, South Africa (2 pp) Maria Du Toit 7/2-p 241
Some ancient South African rock art may have been carved by Minoan or Aegean visitors in search of ore.

How the Egyptians Really Wrote (3 pp) Barry Fell 7/2-p 243
Neat published versions do not reflect the actual text properly.

Epigraphy of Three Sinai Steles (2 pp) Barry Fell 7/2-p 246
Mis-spellings parallel those on American examples.

On the Cover

The Sanctus of the Mass, as translated into the hieroglyphics of the ancient writing system of the Micmac Indians three centuries ago by Fr Pierre Maillard. See "The Micmac Manuscripts," p. 146. The lines read, left to right, "Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of-hosts, Heaven and Earth are full of splendor"

Major Library Holdings of OPES [ESOP] Sets (3 pp) 8/1-p 5

A partial list of learned institutions and libraries receiving Society publications.

Celtic Scholars Comment on the Society's Work (1 p) Sanford Etheridge & Lou Menez 8/1-p 7

Prof. Etheridge, of the Department of Classical Languages of Tulane University and also Lou Menez, a Breton missionary who works with the Takhelne in the Northwest Territories, praise Fell's work.

Pictographs from U. of CA site Iny-272, originally investigated by Heizer and Baumhoff, are shown. Fell offers his decipherment and his identification of many of the markings as zodiacal in nature.

Translation of the Decalogue Tablet from Ohio (6 pp) Ernest Bloom & Jon Polansky 8/1-p 15

Translation and analysis of a controversial artifact showing similarities and differences with ancient Hebrew.

The name occurs in a papyrus from Denderah dating to the Roman or Ptolemaic era. It is compared to an example from Texas mentioned in America BC.

Members are invited to join Totten, Vice President of the Society, in an archaeological tour of Egypt.

The Dilmun Civilization--Its Seals and Sun-God Symbols (9 pp) Ali-Akbar H. Bushiri 8/1-p 27

Thirty-Two Cypro-Minoan Signatures to the British Treaty with the Abenaki People, Signed July 25^th 1727 (6 pp) Barry Fell 8/1-p 44

The author shows that Indian signatures bear similarities to Cypro-Minoan Linear C.

Noah at Nineveh – A Koranic Chant of the Pima Tribe (7 pp) Barry Fell 8/1-p 50

Fell translates a Pima chant using Arabic and shows that the languages derive from similar roots.

The Islamic Inscriptions of America (20 pp) Barry Fell 8/1-p 57

Fell suggests that Arabic occurs among many inscriptions found in western America.

Cypro-Minoan Syllabaries of America (6 pp) Barry Fell 8/1-p 77

Fell shows that Cypro-Minoan inscriptions are widely distributed in American archeological contexts.

Comparative work linking the origin of Runic alphabets to Mycenaean Linear B.

Potsherds from Wisconsin – Their Designs and Some Comparisons (16 pp) Gertrude B. Johnson 8/1-p 93

Johnson compares sherds from Wisconsin with sherds from Amoskeag, New Hampshire, and Alabama Sites.

The Archaeology of Tremeauleau County, Wisconsin (16 pp) David Radloff 8/1-p 109

A description of the land of the Natchez tribe who appear to have used a Libyan script.

An inscription is communicated by a reader who found it on her property in Pelham, New Hampshire.

On the Cover

The Colorado “Swanship” of Osunoba on the Society’s Seal. This petroglyph was discovered in 1978 by a group led by Gloria Farley. The Latin legend that circles the seal reads Ex Epigraphia Historia = “Out of Epigraphy comes forth History.”

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications

Table of Contents, Vol. 8/2, 1980

Tree Ogam: A Variant Form of the Linear Script (6 pp) Norman Totten 8/2-p 129

The author discusses the development of Ogam with special emphasis on Tree Ogam.

A comparison of the famous Oak Island Inscription to the Tuareg Tifinag of Sheik Ohman.

On Libyan Contributions to the Mediterranean Cultures (7 pp) Ali F. Kushaim 8/2-p 138

Brunner agrees with Hooker that the syllabary is an "instrument for the rendering of Greek."

Decipherment of Rune-like Akekanovo Inscription from Eastern Europe (4 pp) Victor Kachur 8/2-p 148

An inscription on a vase found in 1897 in Alekanovo, near Moscow -- read in Old Slavic.

Libyan sepulchral inscriptions, some bi-lingual with Latin, are deciphered by Fell.

A description of the finding of the disk in May 1973 by Tom Hill Davis Sr. and his son Tom Hill (Bubba) Davis Jr.

Fell's reading of two sepulchral inscriptions from Portugal. [Note by Donal Buchanan: Fell's reading of these two inscriptions is faulty. He read them left to right. They read from right to left. He used Semitic. They are in a form of Celtic.]

Differential Craniometry Suggests European Pelasgians Founded Egyptian, Chinese-Japanese, and Carib-Andean Civilizations (11 pp) Albert E. Casey, Eleanor L. Downey-Prince, & Ursula Dietrich 8/2-p 175

21 mean cranial measurements and indices available on Cretans compared with 864 peoples worldwide.

The Scientific Exploration and Archeological Society (SEAS) conducts land and sea archaeological inquiries.

Horned snakes of Southern Africa in Rock Art and Mythology (10 pp) Brenda Sullivan 8/2-p 199

Animal-headed snakes and snakes with horns are pictured on rocks over a wide area of South Africa.

A society's linguistics decay in direct relation to a decay in the culture. Language is culturally dependent.

A Seal Ring Found in Huntingdon, Virginia (1 p) Patricia L. White 8/2-p 218

A ring made c. 1618-1620 by Accomack Indians was presented by King Debedeavon to Grace O'Neill of Virginia Colony.

How Much Did Columbus' Crewmen Know of America Before 1492? (1 p) Michael Scott 8/2-p 218

Columbus chose his crewmen because they already had knowledge of early voyages and existence of the Antilles.

Sarmatian Petroglyphs (1 p) Anatole M. Kazanov 8/2-p 219

Symbols on a stone burial chamber at Kerch in the Crimea (Sarmatians: Indo-Europeans ancestral to Slavs).

The author has just published the first volume of his work on the history of man titled, Jak Czlowiek Nauczyt Sie Pisac. It deals with the evolution of alphabets and writing systems. A graphic of a Slavic Inscription from Novgorod is shown.

Informs that a new Micmac prayer book has come to light in New York state. Webster is in contact with the owner.

Fell speaks of the activities of Basque member Augusto Aboitiz of Buenos Aires (which led to the involvement of Basque philologist Imanole Agire with the work of the Society) He mentions a recent work on ancient Basques by J. M. Barandiaran. Member Jo Arriza of Denver finds parallels between Basque vocabulary and several other languages including Sumerian, Polynesian, and Amerindian.

The Science of Ancient Egypt - Presented by a Scientist for Scientists (1 p) John Anthony West 8/2-p 223

An ad for Serpent in the Sky, the High Wisdom of Ancient Egypt by John Anthony West, Harper & Row, NY, New York.

Harvard Map Collection Acquires Major Gifts of East Asian Maps (1 p) Barry Fell 8/2-p 224

A gift from the Rübel Asiatic Research Collection includes maps drawn by Europeans compiled from information received from travelers and explorers knowledgeable of East Asia. as well as topographic maps provided by the US Defense Mapping Agency Library. The latter were made 1919-1948 by Chinese and Japanese.

The Library has obtained an early Irish manuscript (a page from the Vetus Latina, an early Latin translation of the Bible which predates the Vulgate) as well as poems and letters by William Butler Yeats.

Developments in Maori studies at Victoria University of Wellington (New Zealand). The carvings on the Studies building are heavily symbolic. Photo of author, a Professor and Head of Maori Studies.

A strange artifact of copper and meteoric iron has been found 20 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina (photo available).

Some Kentucky Inscriptions (5 pp) Vernon J. Calhoun 8/2-p 229

Reports on a site between the Beech and Rolling forks of the Salt river (the markings resemble the Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania inscriptions). Illustrated by Annette E. Calhoun.

A Grave inscription in Vowel-less Ogam from Lycia, Western Anatolia (2 pp) Bruce A. MacDonald 8/2-p 241

This alleged Ogam Consaine inscription is from an excavation at Karatas-Semayuk, in Lycia, contemporary with Early Bronze II-IIIA. Barry Fell adds a comment that in all probability the inscription should be assigned to Galatian Celts.

On the Cover

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications

Table of Contents,Vol. 9/1, 1981

Society of Basque Studies and the Anglo-American Basque Studies Society (1 p) 9/1-p 8

These societies have recently been organized at Indian University and at the University of Nevada. A list of scholars from 28 different institutions of higher learning who recommend the societies is given.

An ad for Carter's new book on the prehistory of man in the Americas. Biographic information on Carter is given.

Totten introduces the theme for discussion by a panel of scholars in the following article.

Discussion (14 pp) Stephen Williams, Marshall McKusick, Imanol Agiré, Gordon Willey, Thomas Webster, Robert Marx, Linus Brunner, Barry Fell, Clifford M. Gordon, Chief ShupShe, Robert Vincent, Peter Frawley, Ruth Hale Oliver, C. Lamberg-Karlovsky, Aurelio Tio, Fernando Espinosa, Jenifer Marx, Dean Snow, Geraldine Caballero, Stephen Laurent, Robert Logan, Glyn Daniel, John Carlson, Pennar Davies, Elizabeth R. Sunderland, Alexander Thom, Clemencia Plazas, Ana Maria Falchwtti de Saenz, Edgar Ephren Torres Mosquera, Jacques Touchet, & Linsay Beamer 9/1-p 23

The above panel of scholars discuss the pros and cons of ancient Old World contact with the New World.

The Origin of Writing and of Language (19 pp) Imanol Agiré 9/1-p 37

He concludes that cave paintings were by paleo Basques and that the "Iberic" script is a variety of an ancient Basque syllabary.

The language of some ancient peoples of the Swiss and Austrian Tirol may contain very ancient words.

Statistical Analysis In Decipherment Procedures (5 pp) A. T. Potjer 9/1-p 62

An analysis of Fell's decipherment of Linear A.

Epigraphic Research in America: Reply to Archeologists’ Denunciations (45 pp) Norman Totten 9/1-p 71

Totten gives a reasoned consideration and rebuttal of claims of archaeologists who deny the reality of New World epigraphy.

On the Cover

A graphic of the Seal of the Society is shown. The title of the volume is given: Archaeology and Epigraphy - Confrontation in America.

An Inscribed Tablet from Newberry, Michigan (5 pp) Henriette Mertz 9/2-p127

The tablet was found in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and is now missing. It is one of numerous inscribed artifacts allegedly discovered in Michigan.

Decipherment and Translation of the Newberry Tablet from Northern Michigan (5 pp) Barry Fell 9/2-p 132

Fell describes it as an omens text which invites comparison with Cherokee, Hittite, Cypro-Minoan and the language of the Phaistos Disk. A graphic of the inscription is shown and Fell offers a decipherment.

Potsherds from Mogador, Morocco VIIc BC-IVc BC (11 pp) Gertrude Johnson & James P. Whittall 9/2-p 137

Mogador is an island off the coast of Morocco. It held Phoenician- Carthaginian settlements.

The author gives his experiences in WWI and talks of his continuing study of the Cree culture and language.

Was Bel a God in Ilios? (2 pp) Bruce Macdonald 9/2-p155

A small terra cotta object excavated by Schliemann appears to bear B-L in Ogam (read right to left). A graphic of the artifact is shown.

The author recommends that we see p. 45 of The Iowa Effigy Mound Manifestation: An Interpretive Model by R. Clark Mallam.

They came in Ships (2 pp) Gloria Farley 9/2-p157

A Celtic Frontier Site in Colorado (3 pp) Phillip M. Leonard & James L. Glenn 9/2-p 175

An ogam inscription on a rock overhang. A graphic of the inscription is shown. Barry Fell deciphers it using Old Irish.

A report on two inscribed stones at the Eschelman site in Lancaster Co., PA; also a similar stone at the Pennsylvania State Museum.

A Preliminary Decipherment of the Glozel Inscriptions (23 pp) Donal Buchanan 9/2-p 184

A history of the discovery of the site and the author's suggested decipherment of the inscriptions using Semitic language.

The Dilmun Civilization – Evidence of the Seals on Trade and Economy (7 pp) Ali-Akbar H. Bushiri 9/2-p 207

Animals on the Seals of Dilmun (7 pp) Ali-Akbar H. Bushiri & Gertrude Johnson 9/2-p 216

It is suggested that the seals provide "an encyclopedia of the history of Dilmun." He analyzes the seals in detail. Illustrated by Johnson.

A graphic of the Seal of the Society is shown. The title of the volume is given: Glozel and Other Decipherments.

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications

Table of Contents, Vol. 10/1, 1982

Rhaetic Inscriptions (4 pp) Linus Brunner 10/1-p 9

He believes Rhaetic is related to Semitic. Here he uses Semitic to translate Rhaetic inscriptions.

New Epigraphic Finds in Oklahoma and Colorado, Utah and Wyoming (4 pp) Gloria Farley 10/1-p 13

Reports on Ogam in western America and also the Wyoming Tablet (Fell deciphered the latter as Cypriot script and language).

The Bohuslän Culture (Bronze Age Norse) in North America (13 pp) Barry Fell 10/1-p 17

Roman Amphoras Discovered Near Rio de Janeiro (2 pp) Walter Sullivan 10/1-p 30

Sullivan,of the New York Times, writes of a discovery by diver Jose Roberto Texeira as reported by Robert F. & Jennifer Marx .

Addendum: Stone Discs at North American Archaeological Sites (1 p) Barry Fell 10/1-p 36

The Magic Flute – Birdstones Reconsidered (8 pp) Norman Totten 10/1-p 37

A specialist in speech pathology and language development examines the problem of a Megalithic written language.

Notes a reference to a camel mound in Wisconsin as well as elephants and mastodons.

Map of North America Petroglyph (1 p) Ruth Tipton & Bill McGlone 10/1-p 56

Authors suggest withdrawal of support for the petroglyph as a map; Fell concurs.

A history and description of the inscription with graphics from a photo by the author. Gives a script comparison and suggested translation.

Another look at the site's description and history. A transliteration of the inscription is given.

A Decipherment of the Los Lunas Decalogue Inscription (8 pp) Jay Stonebraker 10/1-p 74

Transcription, transliteration and translation of the inscription by the author.

World Maps of Piris Reis (1513 AD), Oronteus Finaeus (1531 AD), and Gerardus Mercator (1538 AD) (4 pp) Gordon R. Freeman 10/1-p 82

Australasian Post, 24 Dec 1981 and 28 Jan 1982 reports on Gilroy's finding of the heads of Mithras and Demeter as well as a ship glyph and a Ptolemaic coin.

Discusses the Indo-European root *ser-¹ and cognates in Semitic, Malayo-Polynesian and Austronesian.

One Manila treasure galleon was wrecked off San Miguel Island, California, and another off Nahalem Spit, Oregon.

Petromantic Ogam of Conestoga, Pennsylvania (3 pp) Patrick M. McSherry 10/1-p 94

Natural "pseudo-ogam" deciphered by Fell: "to the libation bowl" or "make a libation bowl."

An Inscribed Boulder in the University of British Columbia Research Forest, Haney, British Columbia (2 pp) Bruce A. Macdonald 10/1-p 97

A Norse Runic Inscription from Dundee Creek, Maryland (4 pp) Barry Fell 10/1-p 99

Fell reads the inscription as naming a "fishing place" -- appropriate for its locale.

A Norse Runic Inscription from Chesapeake Bay Area (4 pp) Brad O’Keefe 10/1-p 103

Charles Darwin and the Patagonian Stones (1 p) Marvin S. Wasser 10/1-p 107

Darwin noted heaps of stones on a mountain top in Uruguay similar to those seen in Wales.

Stephens County, Texas –An Ogam Cave Inscription (2 pp) Mike Kingston 10/1-p 107

Info from Mike Kingston of the Dallas Morning News. A graphic of the inscription is shown and Fell's decipherment given.

Investigationof the site d etermines that the "map"shown on the cover ofSaga Americais not a map at all; Fell agrees.

An Ogam Consaine Inscribed Artifact from Windmill Hill, Wiltshire, England (2 pp) Charles Dailey & Barry Fell 10/1-p 110

Dailey brings the artifact to Fell's attention. Fell deciphers it using Celtic: B-YA-N M-T D-N D-M = Byanu mat, dion diom = "Good mother -goddess, a protection for me."

Choctaw and Cherokee Medical Touchstones (5 pp) John Moore & Barry Fell 10/1-p 111

Moore provided what appear to be two Amerindian touchstones bearing inscriptions. There is a long inscription on one and a shorter inscription on the other. Graphics of both are shown. Fell offers his translations of the inscriptions.

Rock Shelter Inscription, Jackson County, Kentucky, Engraved in Basque-Cree Syllabic Script, Shawnee Language (1 p) Larry Dean 10/1-p 114

Found in Clarence H. Webb's account of artifacts excavated from Poverty Point, Louisiana; Fell translation given.

An Ogam-inscribed Pictograph in Carrizo Canyon, San Diego County (1 p) Barry Fell 10/1-p 116

Two Inscribed Stones Found Near Shamokin, Pennsylvania, by Salathiel Derk (1 p) Barry Fell 10/1-p 117

Photographed by Larry Mulligan (no photo shown, but graphics are available). Fell offers a decipherment.

A graphic of the Seal of the Society is shown. The title of the volume is given: America's Links with Bronze Age Europe.

Malayo-Polynesian Vocabulary with Semitic and Indo-European Roots (132 pp) Linus Brunner 10/2-p 1

A graphic of the Seal of the Society is shown. The title of the volume is given: Malayo-Polynesian Vocabulary with Semitic and Indo-European Roots.

Table of Contents, Vol. 11/1, 1983

Petroglyph Articles Stir Worldwide Interest (2 pp) Arnout Hyde Jr., Robert Meyer, Warren Cook, et al 11/1-p 10

Communications from scholars praising Fell's work on the Wyoming County, West Virginia, petroglyph.

Pictures of a Celtic broch seen and photographed by Fell in Assynt, Sutherland, Scotland.

Did a Roman Ship reach Brazil in Antiquity? (8 pp) Robert F. Marx 11/1-p 14

Three Roman Amphorae were found in the Baia de Guanabara by José Roberto Teixeira in June 1976.

Fell cites Arnout Hyde Jr. as Associate Editor for this issue and for his fine photography and editing in Wonderful West Virginia magazine.

Strange carvings and inscriptions found in West Virginia and Ohio (the Wyoming County, West Virginia, petroglyph, the Grave Creek Stone, the Decalogue Tablet). Biographic material is provided on Robert Pyle.

Light Dawns on West Virginia History (8 pp) Ida Jane Gallagher 11/1-p 29

More on the Wyoming County, West Virginia, inscription. Biographic material on Ida Jane Gallagher is provided.

Old Irish Rock Inscriptions from West Virginia (17 pp) Barry Fell 11/1-p 37

Fell's decipherment of inscriptions from Wyoming and Boone Counties in West Virginia.

An excellent examination of the structure of belief and the reasons it is difficult to change existing opinion.

The symbol of the city of Castulo (used on coins) bears an ogam inscription: C-S-T.

Radloff comments on the quality of criticism received by Dr. Fell (critics quoting critics, etc.).

Lists of Celtic words illustrating Goidelic roots compiled from papers in ESOP and other writings by Dr. Fell.

Maintains that most of the Kutchin (Dene) tribes came from the Uighur Kingdom of Turfan in present-day Sinkiang.

A Hieroglyphic Bill of Account (4 pp) David Radloff & Barry Fell 11/1-p 102

An Indian blacksmith in Wisconsin submitted a bill using hieroglyphs over a hundred years ago.

A graphic of the Seal of the Society is shown. The title of the volume is given: Celts of West Virginia.

In Memoriam: Harold Gladwin, Imanol Agiré, and Jay Stonebraker (1 p) 11/2-p 112

Announcing the deaths of Harold Sterling Gladwin, Imanol Agiré, and Jay Stonebraker.

Mediterranean Motifs in Bronze Age Sweden (3 pp) Glenn A.Gentry 11/2-p 113

Cultural interactions between Scandinavia and the peoples of North Africa and the Mediterranean.

A commentary on Viking history (as told in the Sagas) as well as on Viking visits to the New World.

A Precolumbian Wool Industry in North America – Some Puzzling Aspects (3 pp) Herbert L. Minshall 11/2-p 161

The author questions the identification of "wool-bearing" animals depicted in petroglyphs read by Fell.

Examples of horned animals from US sites and from Old World sites and artifacts.

Clipping dated 28 Oct 1982. It appeared in Sankt Gallen Tagblatt and other newspapers.

James Guthrie reports on an inscription in Ancient Libyan on an inscribed stalactite in a cave in Edwards County, Texas, photographed in 1959 by his colleague Ephraim A. Cuevas (a poor version of the photo is shown). According to Fell, the inscription reads: S-R-N-I = Sawarin, the Arabic and Berber word for a columnar stalactite.

A report on a 4-week investigation of petroglyphs from Georgia to Colorado (20 sites in all).

Prodromes of Writing (13 pp) Marge E. Landsberg 11/2-p 191

An examination of the Azilian pebbles, perhaps man's first attempt to communicate graphically.

Inscriptions from Libyan tombs of 3rd & 4th centuries AD (included is a 2nd century Greek text).

Ogam is found inscribed on a dolmen in Western Colorado. Fell's reading is given. He calls it "Arabic Ogam"

This is a detailed breakdown of the decipherment given in the paper by Judy Morehouse.

Ogam - An Alternate Communication System (4 pp) Jean H. Gaulden 11/2-p 212

An examination of the history of the development of Ogam and possibilites for its use by mentally handicapped persons.

The Crespi Collection of Cuenca, Ecuador (15 pp) Warren L. Cook 11/2-p 216

The author's experiences and conclusions after examining the controversial Crespi artifacts.

The author describes her visit to the Etowah Mounds and Museum and an ancient inscribed gorget seen there.

Decipherment of the Ancient Writing from Etowah Mounds (2 pp) Barry Fell 11/2-p 233

The author details his decipherment of the inscribed gorget reported by Gloria Farley. Fell identifies the script as Tifinag and the language as Berber-Arabic. According to him, the artifact is a religious object. A poor graphic of the artifact is shown.

Inscribed Rocks in South Central Alabama (2 pp) Bart Henson & Barry Fell 11/2-p 235

A glyph site in Alabama consisting of a large steatite boulder and smaller adjacent rocks with man-made markings. Fell reads the markings as Iberic and deciphers them using Arabic.

A Navigation Grid or Stick Chart (Rebbelib) from the Marshall Islands, Micronesia (4 pp) Barry Fell 11/2-p 237

A wooden star chart used by ancient seafarers to navigate among the Pacific islands.

Tifinag in Irish Megalithic Rock Engravings (4 pp) Warren W. Dexter & Barry Fell 11/2-p 241

Tifinag script seen on boulders at Lough Crew, County Meath, Ireland. Fell offers his decipherments.

A Polynesian Artifact Engraved with Libyan Script (6 pp) Barry Fell & Jon Polansky 11/2-p 245

Jon Polansky purchased a Polynesian artifact from an antique store in San Francisco. It turned out to have an inscription on it in an alphabet very similar to Libyan. The language appears to be a dialect of the Tuamotuan language similar to Maori. It is a charm for fishing.

Fell finds Kufi runes among the inscriptions at Runamo, Sweden. He takes issue with Magnuson's readings.

An Ogam Inscription from Bainbridge Island, Washington (2 pp) John H. Rudolph & Barry Fell 11/2-p 256

Fell translates "rake ogam" sent to him by Rudolph from the site in Washington state.

On the Cover

A thousand years ago the Norse king Haraldr Sigurdsson included snow-skiing, together with singing verses to the harp, reading good books and other pastimes, among nine skills of which he was master. But in this ancient petroglyph of 4000 years ago an early BronzeAge Scandinavian who lived near Rödöy, in the Nordland of Norway, demonstrates the antiquity of the art of skiing. Norway placed the design on postage stamps in 1966 on the occasion of a world championship meeting of skiers.

Table of Contents, Vol. 12/1, 1984

The Petroglyphs of Prado da Rodela, Portugal (4 pp) Joaquim Rodrigues dos Santos Jr. 12/1-p 9

Reports on pre-Roman linear markings by a spring in Mogadouro, Tras- os-Montes Province (near Galicia), Portugal.

The Galician Ogam Consaine Inscription at Prado da Rodela, Northeast Portugal (6 pp) Barry Fell 12/1-p 13

Fell translates the Ogam in Mogadouro. He cites a letter from Pliny the Younger.

Dart's address to the Leakey Foundation on the fiftieth anniversary of his discovery of Australopithecus, 1974.

Ancient Petroglyphs of South Africa (5 pp) Credo Vusamazulu Mutwa 12/1-p 24

A Letter from a noted Zulu scholar and witchdoctor to Brenda Sullivan, Society member in South Africa.

An Ancient Arabic Guide to Ogam on a Sacred Tablet from Zambia (3 pp) Barry Fell 12/1-p 29

It depicts a complete consonantal sign system of Ogam including the vowels and dipthongs, with certain Egyptian signs.

Fell's decipherment of an inscription from Britain (provenance given elsewhere by James Whittall).

An Ogam Consaine Inscription from Kashiba, Nara Prefecture, Japan (6 pp) Masuhiro Yoneyama 12/1-p 33

A highly condensed statement of epistemology, intended to be an appendix to Totten's planned book, Before History.

Pre-Colombian America – Developing a Valid Model (6 pp) Norman Totten 12/1-p 59

A challenge to the model of radical isolation currently guiding much archaeological research.

Ancient inscribed artifacts are deciphered by Fell. He identifies the scripts as pre-Italic perhaps Thraco-Illyrian or Phrygian in origin.

He defends Fell's view that Etruscan is an Indo-European language related to Hittite.

The Nabataean Arabs had a greater maritime capability than is generally realized.

Translation of a marginal inscription found in the Book of Ballymote. Buchanan believes the language is either Scots Gaelic or a dialect of Irish close to that language.

A Stone Masonry Tunnel and Underground Chamber in Central Ohio (6 pp) Victor & Beverly Moseley 12/1-p 85

Discovered near Greer, Holmes Co., Ohio, it has many earmarks of Celtic engineering.

An Ogam-inscribed Artifact from New York State (3 pp) James L. & Robert G. Guthrie 12/1-p 91

A hand-molded, weather-hardened clay object found in Keuka Park, New York. Fell called it a fisherman's votive tablet carved with right to left in Ogam and translated the Celtic as: "I pray for a trout, O Mabo!"

Ancient Celtic Water Cult: Its Significance in British History (4 pp) Alban Wall 12/1-p 94

Special attention is given to a site in Holzhausen, Germany, dated to Celtic La Tène culture (c. -550 to -15 BC).

A site on Milk River, Alberta, Canada, has hundreds of Ogam and other inscriptions.

Announcement of the death of Jay Stonebraker, 27 Aug 1983, first President of what became the Mid-Atlantic Epigraphic Society.

Its central feature is the Colorado swan-ship discovered in 1978 by a group led by Gloria Farley.

An Ogam Consaine Inscription at Royalton, Vermont (7 pp) Elizabeth Sincerbeaux, Warren Dexter, & Barry Fell 12/1-p 110

An inscribed stone discovered Dec 1982. Fell reads the Ogam Consaine inscription using Old Irish.

Shows a picture of a coin with an Ogam inscription, to be discussed in a forth-coming issue.

Table of Contents Vol. 12/2, 1984

Australian and Spanish Stamps Depicting Petroglyphs (3 pp) Brian Cashman & Warren Dexter 12/2-pp 119,208, 209, 219, 222

Lehman sent Fell the print of a slide taken of a petroglyph at a site on the Dolores River near Whiskey Mountain, Ring Lake and the Town of Dubois, Wyoming.

Desert Bighorn Wool and Some Aspects of Behavior (1 p) Michael P. Coffeen 12/2-p 121

Chivvis sent Fell a photo of petroglyphs showing apparent Ogam. One is seen by Fell as the Celtic word UI-S-G = uisge = "water."

Possible megaliths in Lawrence Co., Pennsylvania, near the junction of Slippery Rock Creek and Connoquenessing Creek.

Petroglyphs from the Superstition Wilderness Area, Tonto National Forest, Arizona (4 pp) C. Earl Phillips & Barry Fell 12/2-p 124

The writer illustrates his ideas about the meanings assigned to some of the petro- glyphs. In a postscript, Fell deciphers some of the petroglyphs reported by Mr. Phillips.

The author speaks about Amerindian medicine, tribalism, and his preference for small governmental units.

Fell proves that the plates found in Pike County Illinois are fakes made in 1843.

Decipherment of an inscribed vase found at Centuripe, Sicily, in 1824. Buchanan identifies the script as Iberic and identifies the language as a dialectical form of Vulgar Latin. He believes it to be a memorial to a Roman fallen in Iberia returned to his family as a token of esteem and memory.

A Tanith-figure from Spiro bears an inscription deciphered by Dr. Fell. He identified the script as Numidian and the language as Libyan.

Comments on giants, dwarves, goblins and humanoid and animal monsters depicted graphically in various sites.

A very old and worn seal ring found at Huntingdon, Virginia (seeESOP8/2 p.218) is an early form ofa Mason's square.

A pictograph found in a prehistoric California cave may have been used to calibrate a calendar.

Decipherment of the Lamboyeque Gold Plate (2 pp) Barry Fell 12/2-p 206

Fell relates the script to Common Cypriot and states that the plate is a "manipulative puzzle."

Some Comments on the Origin of the Pima-Papago language (3 pp) Phillip M. Leonard 12/2-p 220

North African Astronomical Petroglyphs in Utah (3 pp) Phillip M. Leonard & James L. Glenn 12/2-p 223

On the Cover

Pre-Columbian Crab God, Northern Peru, Moche River area. See page 171 of Douglas Blizzard's article on Mythology and Epigraphy, in this issue.

Table of Contents Vol. 12/3, 1984

An ESOP Special Publication: Reprint of the 1937 edition

Reproduced from a copy in Barry Fell's personal library.

A graphic of the Seal of the Society is shown. The title of the volume is given: Dictionary of Pidgin English of New Guinea

Table of Contents, Vol. 13, 1985

A Sumerian Inscription of the Fuente Magna, La Paz, Bolivia (5 pp) Alberto Marini 13-p 9

Inscription on a large font or libation bowl, reported by a leading authority on Sumerian (bio. of author given).

The earliest known deed transaction in the Sutton, Massachusetts, area, reprinted by permission of the Sutton Historical Society.

Fell translates Thai syllables on a club in the collection of the Kreis- museum in Syke, Germany. The script appears to reflect the Thai syllabary and probably could be translated as "Let the club strike." The style of the script suggests that the artifact is no more than 1,000 years old.

Refers to the organized destruction of stone phalli in Ireland by the early Christian missionaries.

ARMAVIVMQVECANOTROIAEQVI PRIMVSABORISITALIAM- FATOPROFVGVS LAVINIAQVE = "Of Arms and the man I sing..." by an early Iberic schoolboy c. 99 AD in an early uncial Latin script.

Lorraine Passovoy brought to Fell's attention a coin which had been found in 1843 on the banks of the Connecticut river near Gill, Massachusetts. Fell identified it as a Mogul coin dating to the 17th century with a tri- lingual inscription in Bengali, Brahmi, and Urdu (the last in Arabic script).

Two pages of photos of members of the Society visiting the Los Lunas Inscription in New Mexico: Rollin Gillespie, June & Phillip Leonard, George Morehouse, Bill McGlone, Rene Fell, Donal Buchanan, Barry Fell, Don Schockey, and Ruth Knudsen (along with others unidentified). Photos by J. Lawrence Williams, William R. McGlone, Don Shockey, and Rene Fell.

Dr. Gunther Nollau of West Germany visited the Los Lunas site. He also met with Barry Fell, Gloria Farley and members of the Western Epigraphic Society to discuss the site..

Fell proves that the punctuation used in the text of the inscription is ancient.

A memorial to a great epigrapher and good friend who worked on the Los Lunas inscription. Photo shown. The text of the Las Lunas Decalogue as transcribed by Underwood is also shown.

A Carthaginian Mosaic Depicting the Goddess Tanith (1 p) The Editors 13-p 43

The Los Lunas Inscriptions – A Geological Study (7 pp) George E. Morehouse 13-p 44

A geologist (photo shown) looks at the site and concludes it is ancient. A Hebrew inscription at the top of the mesa is revealed.

He says that as many as 200 mounds are known, but their function is unknown. They seem to have been constructed over a span of 600 years.

Found in a refuse pile on the site of Miles Standish's property, Prescott, Connecticut. James Whittall provided the Society with a tracing of the inscription in 1984. Since the inscription was in Dutch, Fell had it trans- lated by a colleague in Antwerp. The translation is given, along with a roughly drawn graphic of the inscription.

From an official pamphlet of the Norwegian Information Service. It is based on the author's book, Rock Carvings in Norway.

These little tin pendants in the form of parts of human body are dedicatory artifacts.

Documentary Evidence for Writing in the Pre-Inca Andes (4 pp) Norman Totten 13-p 63

17th century Spanish documents indicate the presence of writing in pre-Inca times.

Egyptian signs in the Hawaiian Islands - Part II (29 pp) Ruth Knudsen 13-p 67

Boulders in Luahiwa, Lanai, Hawaii, display symbols that appear to be similar to Egyptian hieroglyphs.

From the Nevada Elders (2 pp) Vivian Olds 13-p 96

The author, resident in Nevada, provides a statement by Indian tribal elders who are concerned about the present and future of their people. They urge a life in harmony with nature.

The author demonstrates how rock writing symbols were used and repeated. She shows how the symbols tie in to Indian sign language. [Carol later married John Rudolph and became Carol Patterson-Rudolph. She wrote an excellent book: Petroglyphs & Pueblo Myths of the Rio Grande.]

This article is in Portuguese. It cites Fell's decipherment of an inscription from northeast Portugal reported in Bronze Age America.

The author congratulates Fell and Dos Santos on their discoveries relating to northeast Portugal and points out that a long Ogam consaine inscription deciphered by Fell as being in a Celtic language allied to Gaelic was located in a part of the territory formerly occupied by Asturian Celts.

The author explains ancient Teutonic shield designs and the the shaping of Yule bread and relates them to pre-Christian beliefs. Biographic information on the author is given.

She identifies the Han and Na-Hane of America with the Hon or Han of the Ta-tung-ho Valley in East Asia.

Twenty ancient inscriptions from Spain written in Iberic script are described and deciphered. Sound-value categories are established and explained. The language, once thought to be Semitic, proves to be Indo European: a local dialect of Latin moving towards Spanish. The article will be continued in volume 14.

Keeler discusses the old, possibly Norse structure and two inscriptions on it (one found by him in 1975). A photo of the author is shown.

The author suggests that Pictish is composed of three languages: Q-Celt, P-Celt, and Norse. He refers to the so-called "Pictish Ogam" inscriptions.

Curious Notation Marks at Polished Stone Sites in the Western Transvaal (11 pp) A. B. Page 13-p 183

The author suggests that the marks may have a bearing on the recording of events and rituals unknown.

Methods Available to the Ancients for Establishing the Meridian (9 pp) Charles C. Fulton 13-p 194

Sun-methods, solstiticial and equinoctal methods, and star methods are discussed.

An article by a Turkish professor reprinted from Aramco World, Vol. 35, #2, March 1984.

The author discusses tablets inscribed with intricate designs found at Adena sites.

Ancient Hebrew Decalogue at Hidden Mountain, Los Lunas, New Mexico. Photo by William R. McGlone.

Table of Contents, Vol. 14, 1985

A biography and a list of his publications as well as an introductory note by Fell to a facsimile of a Gladwin letter re Flora Vista tablets.

Facsimile of a June 1975 letter from Gladwin to Fell: all he knew of the history of the Flora Vista tablets.

Fell states that the tablets must have come from Indonesia or the Carolines and are probably magical talismans.

Fell translates a cryptic wreath inscribed on a bronze-age cyst (Gentofte, Denmark) showing a mating couple.

A photo by the author of an artifact remarkably similar to the "Altar Table" at Mystery Hill, New Hampshire.

A review of a video documentary depicting the solar sites at Anubis Caves, Crack Cave, and Picture Canyon. “A visual classic of Southwestern epigraphy and archaeoastronomy.”

The author introduces us to the discussions to follow on this remarkable site in Western Oklahoma (a photo of the author on a visit to Egypt accompanies the article; the photo is by Warren Dexter).

The Archaeoastronomy of the Anubis Caves (12 pp) Rollin W. Gillespie, Phillip M. Leonard, William R. McGlone & Jon R. Polansky 14-p 33

A preliminary report on the astronomical features of the Anubis caves in Western Oklahoma. “The individuals responsible for these petroglyphs showed a considerable knowledge of astronomy (and associated calendrical events) and demonstrated an exceptional ability to incorporate this knowledge into the physical features of the caves.”

The decipherment of Ogam inscriptions at the Anubis Caves in Western Oklahoma. The inscriptions appear to be related to the Equinox.

The Anubis Caves: Oklahoma’s Ancient Equinox Site (7 pp) Gloria Farley 14-p 61

A description of the Anubis Caves site, putting it into a historical perspective. The petroglyphs appear to show both North African and Celtic gods.

The Anubis Panel: Mythological Themes and Correlations (23 pp) Clyde Keeler, Gloria Farley 14-p 68

The author suggests that the site was created by an Egypto-Libyan priest who worshipped the sun.

An introduction to Scott's video relating the marvelous inscription discoveries in the Southwest.

Anubis-Lord of the Equinox, Keeper of the Balance (3 pp) Barry Fell 14-p 92

Nielsen points out the resemblance of the Tifinag script to Norse and Anglo-Saxon mathematical symbols.

Fell and Nielsen agree that the name Knud can be seen on a Viking coin found in Dublin.

An examination of engraved stones set at entrance to tomb of Ollamh Fodhla, County Meath, Ireland.

West Virginia Petroglyphs are Ogham Says Scholar (2 pp) Robert T. Meyer 14-p 107

Prof. Robert T. Meyer of Catholic University in Washington, DC (40 years expertise as a leader in the field of Celtic studies) and other scholars are quoted on public television broadcast about an epigraphic site in West Virginia.

So says reviewer Glyn Daniel: this is reprinted from Antiquity, March 1984.

Daniel accuses Donal Buchanan (in the process mis-spelling his name) of pornography for translating the inscriptions on patently sexual devices existant among the Glozel artifacts.

Ex-rocket scientist Rollin Gillespie is deeply involved in actively testing and reporting upon the results of epigraphy (photo available).

Bronze Age America by Barry Fell (in Irish) (3 pp) Sanford Etheridge 14-p 112

A review in the Irish language of Fell's second sequel to America BC (from Gaeltacht, Vol. 10, part 9, Tulane University).

A Dakota Ice-glider on display at the Museum of the American Indian, in New York City appears to bear an Ogam inscription.

The author describes the excavation of inscribed bricks at a unique Mayan site.

Fell recognizes numerous non-Indian scripts in the inscriptions on the bricks.

The expedition was led by Norman Totten. The photo of the participants is by Warren Dexter.

The NSF lauds the Society for contributing to increasing the awareness and understanding of science and technology.

A South Iberian Inscription in Esmeralda County, Nevada (1 p) Burrell C. Dawson 14-p 128

This gives Fell's translation of a Berber-Arabic inscription seen on a slab of gneiss found in Nevada.

Fell explains the rebus designs used by Arabic calligraphers and notes that some have been found at American sites.

Amphoras on the Brazilian Continental Shelf (2 pp) Robert Marx & Harold Edgerton 14-p 132

The Government of Brazil frustrates attempts to investigate a possible Roman shipwreck.

Fell replies to Glyn Daniel's comment about the presence of Tifinag in Britain: "All my eye and Betty Martin too."

Tifinag appears on coins issued by the Hiberno-Danish Kings of Dublin, c. 1000 AD.

Ogam Consaine occurs in Northern Ireland (Castle Dearg in the Foyle Valley), in the Western Isles of Scotland, and in Argyle. Its distribution thus coincides with that of the Dal Riada who came originally from Northern Ireland.

Potter provided photos to Fell of Ogam-like markings seen in South Dakota. Fell feels that they are Amerindian copies of Ogam (ie, Ogam Breige or Pseudo Ogam) in an effort to attract Celtic traders.

Stone pendants of the Micmac Indians bear very clear Ogam consaine inscriptions. Fell provides his decipherments of them.

An Ogam Bricren Inscription to the Horse-Goddess (6 pp) Barry Fell 14-p 142

A petroglyph of the Celtic Horse Goddess seen at the Anubis Caves site bears an inscription in Ogam Bricren script and rendered as Ogam Consaine (that is, with no vowels).

Sagres, Is It a European Medicine Wheel? (6 pp) Walter Stender & Barry Fell 14-p 148

An unexcavated prehistoric cemetery near Tollard House, an inn on the Argyll Peninsula.

Harold Gladwin's reputation was harmed as a result of his espousal of diffusionist ideas. Likewise, the Epigraphic Society’s association with Gladwin has caused a distrust of the Society by established scholars. You just can’t win!

Preliminary Studies at Tollard House Ogam Cave, Argyll, Scotland (5 pp) Jon Polansky 14-p 155

The author (photo available) discusses the investigation of an Ogam inscription site in Scotland.

The Midwestern Epigraphic Society makes an investigatory trip to a site in Kentucky bearing an Ogam inscription. Fell’s decipher- ment is shown (photos available).

Neolithic Petroglyphs of Southern Yunnan Province, China (5 pp) Cheng Xiang 14-p 186

Primitive drawings on rocks show village scenes, hunts, animal drawings, and horn motifs.

A hoard of 62 ancient coins were found in the vicinity of an inland waterway in Maryland by a person using a metal detector. The hoard proved to be made up of ancient Greek, Roman, and Arabic coins. Their provenance is uncertain. O’Keefe was also present at the discovery of an earlier cache of 37 ancient coins.

Inscriptions found near Lida, Nevada, can perhaps be dated to the early 19th century.

This photo is of a petroglyph located on Sprayberry Rock in Cobb County, Georgia.

History on the Rocks - An Archaeologist Comments (1 p) Herb Minshall 14-p 194

A professional archaeologist praises the video and the efforts of the Western Epigraphic Society to publicize it. He deplores the lack of response or follow-up by his colleagues. He found the video to be well-done and convincing.

Some Proof of Martineau’s Pictograph System (2 pp) Burrell C. Dawson 14-p 195

The late Burrell Dawson used Martineau’s methods to decipher a petroglyph in Hunter Canyon in Salina Valley, Inyo County, California. This data was made available by his wife, Margaret Dawson.

A Possible Calendar Inscription from Santa Barbara, California (4 pp) Paul H. Chapman 14-p 196

Inscription from La Plata Mountains, Colorado (2 pp) Louis L'Amour 14-p 200

Fell deciphers a Spanish inscription sent to him by the famous author of Western stories.

Plagiarism of ESOP Articles in New York Publication (1 p) Barry Fell 14-p 201

Lyall Watson, in his book Lightning Bird has used ESOP material without permission.

An inscription referred to in Paper #179, Vol. 8, of ESOP, found and correctly transcribed (it was incorrectly rendered in the original report).

Early contacts with the Old World may have brought plague to the American Southwest.

The Horton Creek Site (2 pp) Burrell C. Dawson and Vincent S. Yoder 14-p 209

An Ogam inscription suggests the traveler go to a nearby valley where it will be less cold.

On the Cover

Inscribed tablet from Flora Vista, New Mexico, discussed in articles in this issue. Photo: Arizona State University, Tucson.

Fell’s Ogam Decipherments Proved Correct (1 p) 15-p 9

Ancient Celtic America (1983) by William McGlone and Phillip Leonard contains a report which validates Barry Fell’s decipherment of Ogam inscriptions in West Virginia. On the other hand, in 1975 the National Geographic sent slides of Fell’s work on Ogam to an expert in Britain who stated that his approach was “…unscientific. Not a single syllable of his interpretation or translation – has any validity whatever.” Another professor came to a similar conclusion. None approached had ever studied Ogam Consaine. In recent years Celtic scholars in Wales and America have supported Fell’s translations while other British professors have fallen silent.

Almost the entire Indian Micmac tribe was destroyed in Nova Scotia in 1746 by using infected blankets and other detritus left behind by a departing French naval squadron. This revealed by an essay by one James Lind published in 1774 and quoted by Ralph H. Major in 1932.

He suggests that, in light of recent discoveries, the Oak Island inscription, rather than being in Libyan, might be in Irish or Old Norse. Fell agrees and shows examples of the use of Tifinag in modern North Africa.

McCone writes on behalf of a Spanish friend, Josemaria Montesinos, a Mathematics Professor at the University of Saragoza who makes a study of Basque inscriptions found in Iberia. He desires photocopies and locations of Basque inscriptions reported by Fell and support for Fell’s theory that the Basque syllabary predates Roman times. Fell provides the information, citing publications and locations.

Stafford is writing a book on the use of mnemonic devices by Ancient Egyptians. So far he has completed about 700 pages. He thanks Fell for the stimulus he has provided and for his efforts. He seeks to join the Society.

Serpent effigies (one 75 feet long and the other 150 feet long) at a 1200 BP site in Ohio turn out to be Solstice markers. These, known as the Kern Effigies, were excavated by John R. White of Youngstown State University. Photos are on exhibit at the Ohio Historical Center in Columbus.

At least two river names found in several areas of North America (Saugatuck and Wabash), thought to be Algonquin, prove to derive from Coptic and ancient Egyptian.

The author brings the Society’s attention to a new method of dating petroglyphs being developed by Dr. Ronald Dorn of California. Fell refers her to a paper by Dorn and Whitley appearing in the Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 74 (2) pp. 308-322, 1984. The Society’s copy was provided by William McGlone.

An Indian scholar thanks Fell for the information he has provided concerning ancient Hindu contact with the Mayan civilization. He would like to introduce it into a museum exhibition “India’s Contribution to the World.”

The author expresses his appreciation for and support of the work of Fell and the Society. He particularly cites his interest in the work being done which shows that blood types O and A were present in the Americas before 1500. In many ways ShupShe feels more like a Celt than an Amerind. He signs the letter using his native script. ShupShe is a Pottawatomie, his wife is a Cherokee, but both are of partial Celtic extraction.

The author reports that a Ken Ryan, an official in the Poplar Bureau of Indian Affairs Office and a traditional Assiniboine has read Fell’s work. Ryan pointed out that the Assiniboines, a division of the Sioux mostly living in Canada, have an origin tale about transoceanic migration. The Assiniboine word for writing, Okami, appears to match the Celtic word Ogam.

The author comments on Fell’s book, Saga America. He calls it “completely unscientific in every aspect … a mish-mash of impossibilities and improbabilities … this book comes across as idiotic.” He pushes his own book, Fossils in America which he says contains examples of how students plant fakes for gullible professors. He adds that “The British have a long tradition of fakery” and cites Piltdown Man which was faked by Oxford students to be discovered by a professor they hated.

Forum: Ancient Lamps in America (1 p) Stanley A. Long 15-p 15

Long cites the Roman or Italian oil lamps discovered in Connecticut and Alabama and mentioned in Saga America. He draws attention to an article on Italian lamps by Cleo Rickman Fitch printed in the December 1982 issue of Scientific American.

Forum: Biologist – Linguists (1 p) Howard H. Hillemann 15-p 15

The author, an Emeritus Professor of Zoology at Oregon State University, describes his background and training, including linguistics, as paralleling that of Fell. He congratulates Fell on “an amazing piece of work.”

The author encloses copies of four pages from a Navajo biography titled Hosteen Klah which refers to an ancient migration by the Navajo people across the North Pacific from an ancient homeland in the West.

Forum: Tifinag Letters on Coins of the Ancient Britons (1 p) Lionel H. Atkinson, Barry Fell 15-p 16

The author cites the ESOP reports of Tifinag characters on stone monuments in Ireland and on the coinage of Anglo-Saxon kings. He draws attention to the possible existence of Tifinag letters on coins of pre-Roman Britain. He encloses graphics (shown). Fell calls this an “important new area of epigraphic research.” He finds that the letters are indeed Tifinag and spell Gaulish words appropriate for the coins on which they are found.

Forum: Origin of Copper in Bronze Artifacts (1 p) Aasmund Sandland 15-p 17

The author, a Norwegian, was introduced to Fell’s work by his friends Alexander Thom and his son Archibald. He finds Fell’s book, Bronze Age America, very interesting. He sends graphics (shown) of fleets of ships depicted in Bronze Age carvings in Norway. He also suggests that bronze tools in the Americas and in Europe be analyzed to establish whether the origin of the copper used is European or American.

Forum: Petroglyphs of Cattle in South Dakota Evoke British Comment (2 pp) Gary Licking & John B. V. Jump 15-p 18

A British cattle breeder, John B. V. Jump, suggests that cattle shown in the Ludlow Cave petroglyph with a "double hump" are depicted just after parturition.

The first volume of the Pennsylvania University Museum of Archaeology’s Sumerian Dictionary is about to go to press. It has been in production for over 25 years.

Forum: Variant Forms and Promiscuous Uses of Runes (1 p) Barry Fell 15-p 20

Forum: Runic Inscription in Ludlow Cave South Dakota (2 p) Barry Fell 15-p 21

Runic letters seen among petroglyphs in Ludlow Cave: M-L-T = malta = mjalta = giving milk or milking.

In reply to Glenn Isaac of Cambridge, Fell points out the use of Ogam on a publication of the Asturian Celtic League (graphic shown).

Forum: Spanish Celts’ Ogam Heritage (1 p) Xesus L. Pacios 15-p 22

Forum: Columbus Celebration (1 p) Hördur Helgason & Thor Heyerdahl 15-p 23

The 500th anniversary of Columbus' voyage will be ignored by the UN because of objections by former colonial subjects. While a great admirer of Columbus, Heyerdahl does not feel he deserves a global celebration day over other explorers (the Norsement, for instance, who got there many years earlier).

Forum: Crack in the Façade? (2 pp) Eric Pawley 15-p 23

The author Cites Goddard & Fitzhugh’s (Smithsonian) block condemnation of Fell, then cites Smithsonian Director Lowe in rebuttal.

Forum: A Phoenician Odyssey to Canada? (1 p) Christine Pellech 15-p 24

A European ethnologist lauds Bronze Age America and cites her own book: Die Odyssee - Eine Antike Weltumsegelung (The Odyssey – An Ancient Circumnavigation of the World). [Buchanan comment: Dr. Pellech went on to found an excellent quarterly publication in 1999: Migration and Diffusion.]

Forum: Celtic or Keltic (2 pp) Barry Fell 15-p 24

Fell elucidates the linguistic rules that demand that the word ‘Celt’ be pronounced with a soft 'C.'

Forum: Georgia’s Ancient Visitors from the Old World (1 p) Barry Fell 15-p 25

The author review's Dr. Joseph B. Mahan's publication: Columbus: Georgia's Fall Line 'Trading Town.' He calls it a well-written and beautifully illustrated work that will be certain to please epigraphers. Ancient Punic coinage and inscribed rocks found in Georgia and in the neighborhood of Columbus are illustrated and explained.

Forum: Hebrew Inscriptions in America (1 p) Cinaid Bunche 15-p 25

He cites an unnamed Harvard middle eastern scholar who agrees Los Lunas is in old Hebrew; and Stephen Williams who disputes it.

Forum: Kannada/Telegu in Mexico? (1 p) S. Venugopalacharya 15-p 25

He refers to bi-lingual inscriptions in Mexico he believes Fell cited, but Fell replies he has no knowledge of them.

Forum: Proto-Celtic [and Tifinag] at Lascaux (2 pp) Barry Fell 15-p 26

Fell reads an inscription next to a bull's head as GH-N L-GH L = ghin loegh lu = "calf-begetter" Old Gadelic Celtic.

Forum: Inscribed Jar from 280 Fathoms (3 pp) Weldon W. Stout, Barry Fell, British Naval Experts J. D. Brown & R. D. Ridding 15-p 28

An inscribed Jar was found by a fisherman at 280 fathoms off mouth of Klamath river in California. Drawings of the inscribed jar were sent to Fell saw an ‘RN’ in the inscription and thought it might be similar to those used on navel containers. He contacted the Royal Naval Historical Office which could not identify it with known Royal Navy containers, but expressed great interest in the find.

Forum: The Megaliths of Luneburg Heath (1 p) Helmut Krock 15-p 30

The author calls attention to the Hunengraber (Giant’s Graves) mounds, for most part now gone, found in a lowland area of northern Germany.

Forum: Bahrain Subscribes (1 p) State of Bahrain Ministry of Information 15-p 30

Asks for a list of publications and an application for membership.

Forum: How Old is the Cree Syllabary? H. C. Meyer 15-p 30

The author cites a Cree elder who claims the syllabary given by ancient ancestor long before the arrival of whites.

Continuing to refute Dr. Glenn Isaac of Cambridge, Fell cites Le Triscele, a publication by French descendants of Gauls (graphic shown).

Forum: Andean Links with Sumeria (1 p) Alberto Marini 15-p 32

The author writes in Spanish, citing an article by Dr. Francisco Matas about a Sumerian inscription in Bolivia in a previous ESOP. Fell states that further info will be made available in ESOP 16.

Rev. John Gibbons (Pahizi) claims that there is a Lakota tradition of visits by European visitors in ancient times.

The ancient tongue of the Olympic peninsula and Vancouver Island is to be taught in local school on the Olympic Peninsula. Written Makah has an alphabet of 44 characters.

Forum: Written Language Before Dictionaries (1 p) Paul A. Elias 15-p 33

The author cites old Cherokee tales of the Little People, called Nunnihi, dwarves said to live in the Southern Appalachians.

Forum: Windmill Hill Amulets (3 pp) Ida Jane Gallagher, Barry Fell 15-p 34

Gallagher reports on artifacts in the Avebury Museum (w/pics). Fell comments on his translation of the inscribed artifacts.

Forum: Ancient Basques in France (1 p) Frank Bourdier p 36

The author cites two of his papers relating to the Euskera syllabary: "The Basque People & Mining Prospectors [in] the Copper Age" & "Prehistory and Typonomy, Bascoid Sources in France." Fell wants him to prepare a summary of them to be published in translation in ESOP.

Forum: An Ogam-Inscribed Atlatl-Weight from Stillwater, New York (2 pp) William H. Bunce & Barry Fell 15-p 37

The writer found an artifact in a plowed field that shows marking similar to Ogam. Fell, however, does not think artifact has anything to do with Celts since no meaningful connection with Celtic roots can be made. It is possible that an Amerindian language could be present but the use of an apparent ‘O’ character causes difficulty as most Ogam found in North America is consonantal and vowel-less.

Forum: “Gaelic-Speaking Indians” in New York (1 p) Sam Rosenberg 15-pp 38, 46

The author cites an account in the History of the Town of Flushing, Long Island, New York by Henry D. Waller. Fell responds (on p 46) that our founding ancestors regarded Amerindian and Celtic languages as mutually unintelligible just as the Greeks thought all foreigners spoke ‘Barbarian’.

A review of Materials for a Bibliography of Translinguistic Studies a paper prepared by the Indiana University Linguistics Club.

Ancient Celtic America (1 p) William R. McGlone & Phillip M. Leonard 15-p 40

This is basically an ad which extols their book about recent extensive discoveries of ancient Ogam/Gaelic inscriptions in the western United States. It tells a bit about the contents and shows graphics of an Ogam inscription from Colorado, the Tunnel Rock Ogam, deciphered by Fell. Rollin Gillespie wrote an appendix to their book.

Fantastic Archaeology: Alternate Views of the Past (1 p) Barry Fell 15-p 41

A review of a malicious attack on Barry Fell, Norman Totten, Donal Buchanan, George Carter, et al, issued by a Harvard professor, Stephen Williams.

Report of the Gadelic Committee (5 pp) Burrell C. Dawson, Robert T. Meyer, Proinseas Ni Chathain, Linus Brunner 15-p 42

The report deals with remarks made by a critical Irish scholar and includes a tabulated etymology of the vocabulary of the West Virginia inscriptions.

Research by Dr. Jaweed Ashraf shows the use of tobacco (Hindi: tambaku) in India 150 years before Columbus.

The Arabic Numbering System on the Kensington Rune Stone (15 pp) Richard Nielsen 15-p 47

Nielsen's research has uncovered facts in support of Robert Hall's opinions on the authenticity of the runestone.

Evidence of Links Between Ancient India and Mexico (3 pp) S. Subramonia Iyer & K. V. Ramesh 15-p 66

Indian scholars comment favorably on work by Barry Fell and Neil Steede on material from Tihosuco and Comalcalco.

Gene Frequency Distributions in Epigraphic Research: Possible Indic Influences on the Tewa of New Mexico (8 pp) James Guthrie 15-p 69

Blood group data can aid epigraphic research by supporting or denying Old-World/New World linkage.

The Universities of India where Epigraphy is taught are requesting full runs of ESOP.

A large rock panel in Cedar Canyon, northeast of Rock Springs, Wyoming, has an Ogam inscription: "Byanu Mother-Goddess."

Letter: Libyan Sea Captain's Amulet Excavated in Azores (1 p) Guenther Nollau 15-p 77

An inscribed amulet has been found invoking the aid of Allah to protect and guide a ship. The script is Old Libyan. The language is Berber-Arabic.

An Iberic traveler's amulet has been found with a small cache of Amerind artifacts in a cave in Ohio.

News in Brief: Bronze Age America (1 p) Barry Fell 15-p 78

Complaints have been received that the volume is hard to obtain. Fell investigated with the publisher and found that between 6,000 and 7,000 unsold copies held by publisher have mysteriously disappeared. Fell received no royalties on those copies.

A stele in the Cuzco museum may bear medieval Indic. Scholars in India and Indonesia are examining photos. Details will be published in a later ESOP.

This article, reviewing all known specimens of such charts, will appear in volume 16 of ESOP.

Indian Treaties and Land Grants (1 p) Ida Jane Gallagher, Ellen M. Manganaro, & David Muga 15-p 78

Photos of signatures & details of purchase prices of lands in Connecticut and Pennsylvania obtained were obtained by Gallagher and Manganaro. They are to be in ESOP, volume 16, together with information on Indian stone-marking provided by Muga.

Members of the MES have located more Ogam panels in Kentucky. They may be published in ESOP, volume 16.

More reports of the discovery of ancient coins: the Midwestern Epigraphic Society reports a bronze coin from Ohio. There are also reports of two Ptolemaic coins being found in New Zealand.

The ‘discovery’ of a surviving stone age people, the Tasaday, on Mindanao, in the Philippines, is determined to be a hoax.

A broad examination by the Vice President of the Epigraphic Society of the proofs for Old World-New World contacts.

A video by Scott Monahan: History or Mystery? is available from the producer for $55. It deals with equinoctal inscriptions found in the Oklahoma panhandle and Southeastern Colorado.

Brunner backs up Fell's claim that Etruscan belongs in the Indo-European linguistic family group.

Mediterranean Mythology in Traditional Pima Chants (19 pp) Barry Fell 15-p 89

Fell’s decipherments of Chants: Noah, Icaros, Persephone, the Creation, some of Aesop's fables. Fell comments on George Stuart's 1979 criticism.

The author relates material from the Astronomical Almanac for 1986 to the data from Anubis Cave.

A discussion of the Berroes (Boar-worshipping?) culture of Trás-os-Montes, Portugal.

Made known by the late Prof. Thomas Lee in his field work, it is located in Ungava, Northern Quebec, Canada.

The Thunderbird motif is found in both cultures and also in East Central Asia and South Asia.

A Sumerian Inscription of the Fuente Magna, La Paz, Bolivia (Part 2: The Third Column) (2 pp) Alberto Marini 15-p 117

The first part of this article appeared in volume 13 of ESOP. It deals with a Sumerian Cuneiform inscription seen in a large bowl found in South America. It is to be continued in a future issue.

The Epigraphic Controversy (14 pp) William McGlone & Phillip M. Leonard 15-p 119

The authors discuss the criticism and critics of Fell and delineate their own positions in the controversy.

An Old Norse Translation of the Heavener runes (9 pp) Richard Nielsen 15-p 133

Ten Commandments in the New Mexico Desert (3 pp) Guenther Nollau & Iuris Ultriusque 15-p 142

The author discusses the Los Lunas Inscription. He holds that it is an authentic inscription and not a hoax.

An early paper by Fell: “The Pictographic Art of the Ancient Maori of New Zealand” (graphic shown) is discussed. It was published in 1941 in Man by the Royal Anthropological Institute.

The author’s paper is continued from volume 14, p. 185. Buchanan is a Fellow of the Epigraphic Society.

A Spanish language discussion of the Druids and their function in the Celtic culture.

Astronomers Complain "Archaeologists dragging their feet" (1 p) George Reed 15-p 154

The author sends an extract from an article in Astronomy, Jan. 1986: Archaeologists are reluctant to accept astronomers views re Stonehenge.

The author, a retired NASA astronomer, writes an angry protest against the views expressed by two archaeologists in the video History or Mystery.

A Summer Solstice Sunset at the Compass Cave (3 pp) Scott Monahan 15-p 157

The author examines a 5 x 10 inch inscription, northernmost of all the Ogam inscriptions in the Anubis Cave complex.

The use of the cowry is memorialized in Winnebago and Ojibway texts, as well as Algonquin ritual practices.

In Honor of Elliot Smith & William James Perry, Founders of Diffusionist Theory (17 pp) Gerhard Kraus 15-p 170

A leading diffusionist discusses Grafton Elliot Smith and William James Perry, whose theories were roundly criticized by Glyn Daniels. Biographic information on the author, with C. E. Joel a founder of the New Diffusionist, is given (with a photograph).

Biographic material on Perry, including some of his publications and his views on worldwide interrelationships.

The author discusses the fact that the diffusionism of Grafton Elliot Smith and William James Perry and the scholars they inspired which attained world-wide renown in 1922 and subsequent years later suffered almost total eclipse. The death of its leaders all but killed the diffusionist movement.

A nautical archaeologist reports that a 21-foot dugout canoe of European type has been excavated in Southern Maine.

An obituary notice for a diffusionist author: (Pale Ink, The Nephtali, The Wine Dark Sea, Atlantis, Mystic Symbol). A photograph is shown.

Douglas Gilman Blizzard (1910-1986) (1 p) Mary Louise Blizzard 15-p 191

An obituary notice for the author of The Ruins of Great Ireland in New England.

Notice of the death of the noted artist who served well as art editor of the Early Sites Research Society.

The author sends a graphic of a small medicine wheel located south of St. Lawrence, South Dakota and asks for comments on its use.

The authors see the archaeologists requirements for artifactual proof as too rigid.

Dr. Edgard Torres survives, but ESOP volumes in the museum were buried by volcano. The Society will replace them.

While generally supporting the efforts of the Skeptical Inquirer, the author takes Marshall McKusick and J. R. Cole to task for their irresponsible criticism of Fell.

Dilmun Fashion in the Third Millenium B.C. (8 pp) Ali-Akbar Habib Bushiri 15-p 198

A discussion of the similar sartorial and tonsorial styles of Dilmun, Sumer and the Indus Valley.

A Portuguese language article by the late noted lexicographer and epigrapher on Basque, the language, its script and the resemblance of the script to Cree. The Basque syllabary according to Fell is given. The Boticario inscription is shown and deciphered. A photo of the author, with biographic information, is shown.

Enclosed Ogam Designs: Possible Explanations (7 pp) Gloria Farley 15-p 219

The author, a Fellow of the Epigraphic Society, discusses short Ogam inscriptions enclosed in ovals, circles or rectangles and gives suggestions for their meanings.

While Hittite seems to be an Indo-European language, nevertheless many words seem to derive from Semitic.

Signs on the calendar, previously thought to be Libyan, are actually Batak.

Ringerike, Home Base of a Bronze Age Expedition to Ontario (9 pp) Walter Stender 15-p 239

The author discusses the inscriptions at Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, relating them to the Norwegian area of Ringerike.

Ideographic Inscriptions (2 pp) Burrell Dawson, Harry Martin, Nancy Martin & Barry Fell 15-p 248

The authors bring to Fell’s attention some inscribed panels (photos shown) found by Vince Yoder east of a Shoshone Cemetery, in Inyo, California. Fell replies that the panels are inscribed in an ideographic script used by many of the Plains and Western tribes. [Buchanan comment: I recognize these inscriptions as some of the same ones investigated and written about by the late Roberta Smith.]

First of two papers on Amerindian scripts by a scholar of the Midé Grand Medicine Lodge. With an introduction by Barry Fell.

On the Cover

The Heavener Runestone in 1963 (1 p) Photo by Robert Hill 16-p 9
Gloria Farley, with her sons Mark and Scott, is shown with the famous artifact in the State Park on Poteau Mountain, Oklahoma, in 1963.

Dolmens: Who Were the Builders of America's Pre-Columbian Megaliths? (2 pp) Photos by John Imbrie, Joseph D. Germano, Malcolm D. Pearson, & Norman Totten 16-p 10
Dolmens in Ireland, Sweden, Massachusetts, and New York are described and depicted.

Letter: Mysterious Rock Towers (2 pp) Harry N. Martin, Vern Whipple, Mark Janzaruk 16-p 12
A report, with photos, about three towers made of stacked rocks, 8-10 feet high, located on a volcanic mound near Wellington, Nevada. A fourth tower, known to exist, was not shown.

Letter: Mysterious Medallion (1 p) Maurice Courmier 16-p 12
A report about a medallion, possibly based on Greek coinage, as well as a lead seal bearing an inscription (illustrated) and other artifacts including a possible belt buckle and a ring. All found together in Northeastern New Brunswick, Canada.

Letter: Latest Finds of Ancient Coins (1 p) Barry Fell, Victor Moseley, Beverley Moseley, & Doyle Ellis 16-p 14
A report on a coin of Micipsa (King of Numidia, 148-118 BC) found in an Indian mound in Ohio, and a coin of the Greek city of Amisos (in Asia minor, dated to c. 118-63 BC) found in Idaho.

Letter: From Idrisi -The Description of Magreb and Andalus (1 p) Fuad Raby 16-p 15
A correspondent from Valetta, Malta provides a translation from Arabic of passages dealing with Andalusian mariners who ventured (from Lisbon) far out into the Atlantic. From the description, it would appear that they achieved the Azores before being returned to the coast of Morocco.

Letter: Australian Rock Art Congress (1 p) Robert G. Bednarik 16-p 15
First Australian Rock Art Congress to be held at Darwin, 29 August to 2 September 1988.

Letter: New Israeli Language Review (1 p) ASJL, Haifa, Israel 16-p 15
Informs about the Jewish Language Review, annual publication of the Association for the Study of Jewish languages (ASJL).

Letter: CAA Conference – 1988 (1 p) Jon Driver 16-p 15
The Canadian Archaeological Association (CAA) will hold its annual meeting for 1988 at Whistler Mountain, BC (near Vancouver), 11-14 May 1988.

Letter: Old World Influence on the Cuna Culture (1 p) Clyde Keeler 16-p 16
Suggests connections between the Cuna (of the San Blas Islands of Eastern Panama), Peruvian cultures, and those of Sumeria, Egypt, Troy, Knossus, and the Indus Valley.

Letter: ISAC (1 p) Joseph Mahan 16-p 16
The Institute for the Study of American Cultures (ISAC) is described and its address is given.

An Ancient Star Map in Jersey (1 p) Lionel D. Atkinson, Barry Fell 16-p 17
Cupmarks found on a passage-grave stone known as La Hogue Bie on the Isle of Jersey may be a star map of Big Dipper.

An Ogam Stone from Connecticut (2 pp) Barry Fell 16-p 18
Fell gives his own decipherment of the inscription on a "ritual stone" (so described by James P. Whittall II) brought to David P. Barron, President of the Gungywamp Society, by Richard Eaton of Groton, Connecticut. The stone had been previously reported on (with a proposed decipherment by Donal B. Buchanan) in Volume 12, No. 1, p 19, of the Bulletin of the Early Sites Research Society (ESRS), December 1985. Buchanan suggested that it described a divination rite to reveal to a midwife the proper season for parturition. Fell suggested it was an amulet to protect against sickness and the evil eye (a notion supported by the depiction of an eye on the artifact). [The artifact, formerly in the hands of David Barron, as of 2001 was received and held for the Epigraphic Society by Donal Buchanan.]

Midwestern Epigraphic Society (1 p) Victor Moseley (Pres.), Beverley H. Moseley (Secy), & John W. Keller (Treas) 16-p 20
Describes an affiliate of the Epigraphic Society and lists its activities and officers (as above, plus William Dangler, Director of Field Operations for Ohio; John Payne, Director of Field Operations for Eastern Kentucky; and William and Marilyn Kreisle, co-Directors of Field Operations for Central Kentucky and Southern Indiana).

Epigraphic Society of Southern California (1 p) Wayne Kenaston Jr. 16-p 21
Announcement of founding of the affiliate Society with a description, activities and officers (in addition to Kenaston, Donald R. Swanson, Michael Thurman, and Randi Hawkins). Two photos of a library exhibit organized by members are shown (photos by Donald Swanson).

The Method in Deciphering and Explaining Unknown Languages (1 p) Linus Brunner 16-p 22
Discusses principles of how to get results in deciphering languages. Describes two recognized methods: combinatory and etymological. Barry Fell uses the etymological method.

Picassos of Ancient Celtberian Spain (1 p) Barry Fell 16-p 23
Line drawings of ancient Celtiberian coins which must have been almost incomprehensible to the Romans.

Detecting Fraudulent Inscriptions (1 p) Barry Fell 16-p 24
Fell states that the many artifacts from Michigan (described by Henriette Mertz in Mystic Symbol and exposed as fraudulent by James E. Talmage) and those allegedly found by Russell Burrows in Illinois ("Burrows Cave") are modern (or relatively modern) forgeries. He also mentions a forgery attempt (exposed by William McGlone and Phillip Leonard) at Los Lunas not involving the famous Decalogue Inscription, but modern additional inscriptions intended to be regarded as parallel in time to that artifact.

Ad: "To the Goddess Bianu" (1 p) MacConnection 16-p 25
Excellent photo of Warren Cook with mouse in hand as he studies epigraphy using his Macintosh computer. Describes of his (and Barry Fell’s) efforts to decipher Incan Topacus using Ogam and ancient Cypriot scripts.

A Tifinag Text at Tassili, Algeria (2 pp) Barry Fell 16-p 26
Gives Fell's translation of the text (reproduced on p. 26) which is inscribed in four vertical columns.

Stick Charts of the Marshall Islands (23 pp) K. O. Emery 16-p 28
Describes the use of stick-charts for navigation over long distances by native Marshall Islanders in sailing canoes.

Maurice Chatelain (1 p) Barry Fell 16-p 50
Photo and bio info of an Epigraphic Society supporter and author who lived in San Diego in 1987. A Frenchman, his writings had made the work of the Society known in France.

The Kensington Runestone: Part 2, Aberrant Letters (33 pp) Richard Nielsen 16-p 51
New evidence from Greenland, Iceland, and Scandinavia proves the authenticity of the Kensington Runestone.

Ancient Astrology in a Cave of West Irian, New Guinea (7 pp) Barry Fell 16-p 84
A Heptagram superimposed on a circle and surrounded in part by planetary symbols found in a cave in West Irian is related to a Greek astrological motif. Fell suggests that the makers of the pictograph may have been Egyptian or Arab-Egyptian travelers.

Roman Coin Discovered in Ohio (1 p) Victor Moseley 16-p 90
Found 8" deep on the bank of a river north of Columbus, Ohio; an Anton-inianus dated to 253-268 AD.

Oklahoma Runestones (5 pp) Paul H. Chapman 16-p 91
The author (photo and bio info given) expresses some conclusions about the Heavener, Poteau, and Shawnee runestones.

Idiographic Inscriptions at Inyo California (1 p) Roberta Smith 16-p 95
The puzzling inscriptions at Inyo reported in ESOP 15 are examined in a paper available from the author.

First American Poem in Ogam Script (2 pp) Barry Fell & Gloria Farley 16-p 96
A chant to the sun-god Mabo pleading for crop fertility.

The Merry Monks of Ireland (3 pp) Barry Fell 16-p 98
Fell reports on Ogam marginalia in the Codex Sangallensis, originally deciphered by Rudolf Thurneysen et al.

Schaghticoke Deed to New Fairfield, Connecticut (4 pp) Ida Jane Gallagher 16-p 101
Cree indian signatures to an historic deed dated 1729.

Signatures on Pennsylvania Deeds (1 p) Ellen M. Manganaro 16-p 104
Indian signatures on a Pennsylvania deed dated 1685.

Dating the Basque Inscriptions on Rocks of the Susquehanna Valley (4 pp) Barry Fell 16-p 105
Fell suggests correspondences between the symbols on the so-called "Mechanicsburg Stones" and Cree-Ojibway syllabaries. Further, he presents evidence that at least some of the stones may have been boundary markers.

Discovery Day? (1 p) Bill Ickes 16-p 108
Suggests that since so many people discovered America, Columbus Day should be replaced by Discovery Day.

Petroglyphs Excavated at Gauayanilla, Puerto Rico, Circa 1880 (1 p) Aurelio Tio 16-p 109
About 1880, Catholic priest in Puerto Rico excavated over 800 petroglyphs which he felt were similar to Chaldaic-Hebrew script.

Anglo-Saxons and Their Monetary System (15 pp) Barry Fell 16-p 110
Early coin issues of the Anglo-Saxon Kings of England were lettered in runes.

The Lewis Creek Mound – An Observation (2 pp) Angela Andrews 16-p 125
A description of a burial mound located near Verona, Virginia, including a sandstone slab marked with incised parallel lines. The mound is believed to date between 1110 and 1170 AD.

An Ogam Consaine Inscribed Stone from Lewis Creek Mound, Virginia (3 pp) Barry Fell 16-p 127
Decipherment of an incised sandstone stone slab recovered from the Lewis Creek burial mound.

Two Romano-British Inscriptions (6pp) Barry Fell 16-p 130
Clay sherd from Yorkshire and a lead lamina from London bearing inscriptions in a cursive script are deciphered by Fell.

The Swastika in Celtic Britain and North America (6 pp) Barry Fell 16-p 136
Simultaneous appearance in both areas of copper and bronze swastika ornaments at the onset of Christian era. The Swastika also appears on the Newton Stone (in Scotland) and at least one other known Ogham stone. Fell offers his decipherment of the inscription on the controversial Newton Stone.

The Tihosuco Inscription Retranslated as Spanish (4 pp) Carl H. Johannessen, Diego Gonzales, Simone Ottonello, Perry Powers, Anne Parker, Jaweed Ashraf, Barry Fell & William Loy 16-p 142
When the Tihosuco stone in Yucatan was turned upside down it was found that the inscription could be read as Medieval South Indian script.

Cabrilho's Grave Stone of 1543 Recognized and Deciphered (2pp) Barry Fell 16-p 146
Cabrilho’s gravestone found in 1901 on Santa Rosa Island, California. The stone is now in the Lowie Museum, University of California, Berkeley.

Ogam Inscription from Cimarron South Shelter (2 pp) Gloria Farley 16-p 148
One of the longest apparently Ogam inscriptions in the American Southwest contains at least two rebus drawings.

Bar Creek No. 2, Clay County, Kentucky (1 p) John Payne & Barry Fell 16-p 150
An Ogam panel 32 inches long is partially deciphered by Fell.

Celtic Rebus Figures from the Upper Mississippi Valley (3 pp) David Radloff & Barry Fell 16-p 151
Figures appearing in caves, rock shelters and fissures (recorded in Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia.. of 1889) appear to contain Ogham. Fell suggests some decipherments.

Un Drole de Micmac (6 pp) Maurice Chatelain 16-p 154
An article in French discussing Egyptian connections with Micmac.

Pre-Columbian Diffusion: New Lights and Old – The General Scene (13 pp) Paul Tesla 16-p 160
A review of Nigel Davies' Voyages to the New World (William Morrow, 1979).

What does The Spirit Pond Map Stone Say? (11 pp) Albert G. Hahn 16-p 172
Hahn sees runic cryptography on the stone and ties it to Bishop Henrikus.

Homeric Troy and the Sea Peoples (1 p) Cyclone Covey 16-p 182
Ad for Covey’s new book. He says the Achaian siege of Troy followed the fall of Ugarit, Carkemish and Khatti by a decade.

Western Epigraphic Society (1 p) Carol B. Patterson, Secy; Dan E. Rohrer, Treasurer 16-p 182
Information on the activities and officers of an affiliate society.

The Runestones of Oklahoma (13 pp) Richard Nielsen 16-p 183
Nielsen offers his decipherment of the Heavener and Poteau inscriptions.

Nos Ancêtres Celtiques (5 pp) Maurice Chatelain 16-p 196
A discussion in French of Celts and Ogham.

San Francisco & Bay Area Epigraphic Society (1 p) Russell Swanson, Pres.; Ella Footman, Secy 16-p 200
Information on the activities and officers of an affiliate society.

The Celtic Horse Goddess on All Hallows Eve (4 pp) Gloria Farley & Jon Polansky 16-p 201
Discusses a bricren Ogam inscription under a depiction of the goddess Epona at Anubis Cave.

A Gadelic-English Dictionary (70 pp) Burrell C. Dawson 16-p 205
A dictionary of cognates of the Gadelic dialects compiled from inscriptions found in the New World (Gadelic-English section).

Tartan Ogam (6 pp) Frank McGaugh 16-p 274
The author holds that Scottish tartans hide Ogham inscriptions which show the clans' ancient names.

Fantastic Archaeology at Harvard (6 pp) George F. Carter 16-p 280
Discusses the course offered at Harvard by Prof. Stephen Williams (who refers to Carter as a Crank Personality). Carter replies to Williams’ criticisms.

British Columbia Rock Art (5 pp) Eva McCallum & Elizabeth Flood 16-p 285
Pictographs found in Southern British Columbia (sites originally recorded by John Corner – here illustrated with drawings made by the late Ken McCallum).

Nos Ancêtres Chinois (11 pp) Maurice Chatelain 16-p 290
An article in French ties certain Indian tribes to China.

Ogam Consainein County Tyrone – Castlederg Cromlech Revisited (3 pp) Barry Fell 16-p 301
Ogam on the upper surface of the "Druid’s Altar" is deciphered by Fell.

First Discovery of an Ogam Panel in Wyoming. (2 pp) Robert E. Walker 16-p 304
A rebus/ogam panel discovered in 1986 (note: the photo was erroneously printed upside down).

From the Gaelic (1 p) Barry Fell 16-p 306
Fell's translation of a lovely Celtic poem.

An Aztec Hieroglyphic Paternoster (3 pp) Barry Fell 16-p 307
A pictographic rendition of a Nahuatl paternoster, deciphered by Fell, is illustrated and discussed.

The Lamina of Alcoy – Background and Current Proposals (12 pp) Barry Fell, Alan McCone, Jon Polansky & Ernie Bloom 16-p 310
An alleged shipping contract between a Greek merchant and a skipper from Cadiz is discussed in three parts. Fell's work sheets for his decipherment of the Alcoy inscription are shown.

Inscribed Stone Artifacts from Guayanilla, Puerto Rico (1 p) Barry Fell 16-p 322
Artifacts discovered in 1880 by Father Nazario are discussed and deciphered by Fell.

In Memoriam: Prof. Dr. Linus Brunner (2 pp) Barry Fell 17-p 9
Photo, biographic information on and bibliography of Dr. Linus Brunner, who died on 3 Dec 1987. He was a substantial contributor to epigraphic research.

In Memoriam: Dr. Robert T. Meyer (1 p) Ida Jane Gallagher 17-p 11
Photo and biographic information on Dr. Robert T. Meyer, of Catholic University, who died in Swansea, Wales, on 3 October 1987. He was a prominent scholar of Celtic studies who confirmed Dr. Fell’s Old Irish translation of a West Virginia petroglyph.

Letter: An Ancient Greek Inscription (1 p) James N. Lamb 17-p 12
Sent a photo of a Greek inscription from the Villa d'Este near Rome. Fell read it as a Greek motto in an uncial script: GNOTHI S'AUTON = "Know thyself."

Letter: Memorial Volume to Alexander Thom (1 p) Archie S. Thom 17-p 12
Alexander Thom’s son writes announcing a memorial volume to his father, late Prof. Emeritus, Oxford University: Records in Stone: Papers in Memory of Alexander Thom; published by the Cambridge University Press.

Letter: Celtic and the Dene dialects (1 p) Ethel G. Stewart 17-p 12
The author comments on the origin of the Celtic element in Dene dialects; believes it came from the Italo-Celtic Tokharian B dialect of the Northern Tarim Oases and the Sino-Tibetan border of Kansu, reaching America via the Pacific.

European Viewpoint (1 p) Heinz B. Maas 17-p 13
A visitor from West Germany comments on the Newport Tower, the Upton Chamber, Mystery Hill, Petroglyph Park (Peterborough, Ontario, Canada), Warren Cook's exhibition at Castleton College Library and the "Fell Controversy." He says: "Don't give up… You are certainly on the right track."

Letter: A Tennessee Gorget (1 p) Myrle A. Kirk 17-p 13
The author encloses a photo of a shell gorget donated to the Ventura County, California Historical Museum in 1936. It is supposed to have originated from the Great Serpent Mounds in Tennessee. Fell notes its resemblance to another gorget from Tennessee now in the Rochester Museum of Arts and Science.

Letter: A Request (1 p) Sun Bear 17-p 14
Sun Bear is an Ojibwa Medicine Man and Chief of the Bear Tribe Medicine Society located in Spokane, Washington. He is the author of 5 books and is doing research on a sixth dealing with Native American petroglyphs. He requests information and photos as well as names of persons he can contact.

Letter: A mysterious wall (1 p) Robert J. Petrelli 17-p 14
Describes the remains of an "enormous stone wall" near South Windsor, Connecticut. It is anchored deeply into the river bank on the east side and runs into the river all the way across to the west bank. It is straight and constructed of the red river shale common in the area. There was a large Indian village site on the east bank near the wall.

Letter: A Hopi Tablet (2 pp) Ron Anjard 17-p 14
Two sides of a sacred Hopi Fire Clan Tablet are shown. It was inscribed on both sides with ideograms at least one of which probably stands for the Great Spirit (Masaw in Hopi). It also bears the swastika (see The Book of the Hopi by Frank Walters).

Letter: World Cultures of Ancient America Conference (1 p) Diane Sundberg 17-p 15
Inauguaral meeting held at the University of California, San Francisco, Laurel Heights Conference Center, 4-7 June 1988. It was attended by investigators in archeology, geology, linguistics, epigraphy, anthropology and astronomy who documented evidence of links between the Old and New Worlds. A "Retrospective" of meeting is being prepared. Sundberg was the Conference Coordinator.

Letter: Burrows Cave Artifacts (1 p) Charles W. Bailey 17-p 16
Bailey strongly doubts the authenticity of the claims for the site and for the artifacts and gives cogent reasons for his views. He particularly mentions the crude and amateur artwork that seems to draw its inspiration from many known originals in Old World sites. Bailey, after 30 years of research, is very familiar with ancient art forms.

Letter: Burrows Cave Artifacts (2 pp) Warren Dexter 17-p 16
Dexter, a professional photographer, strongly believes in the integrity "of a majority" of the artifacts from the alleged cave. He claims that he was personally taken to the cave in Illinois by the founder, but was not allowed to enter it. [DB Note: It was pointed out to him that what he was shown fit the description of a rock shelter, not a cave.]

Review: Kiln Sites in China (1 p) Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Peking 17-p 17
Reviews Kiln Sites in China, by Rewy Alley, a New Zealander who worked in China for the past 58 years acquiring a deep interest in Chinese history and archeology, especially relating to ceramics. He has produced a book on various ceramic centers, old kiln sites, and modern factories in China.

Letter: Oklahoma Runestone (1 p) Paul H. Chapman 17-p 17
He defends his decipherment of the Heavener Runestone: "To invite barter." While he differs with Nielsen, he nevertheless lauds his work.

The Cup-and-Ring Motif in the Rock Art of the British Isles and in America (13 pp) Ronald W. B. Morris 17-p 18
Bio info given on author, a Scot, with photo (currently vice president, of the UK’s Ancient Monuments Society). His article compares the cup-and-ring motif as carved in the British isles with examples of the same motif found in America. It is illustrated with many photos.

A Decipherment of the Chichicastenango Stone (22 pp) John S. Carroll 17-p 31
The language of the inscription is Quiche Maya. The script is partly pictographic, partly ideographic, partly homophonic (rebus). It records battles, cities and enemies defeated, and tribute gained apparently by a king named Tohil (Fate).

Stephen Laurent (Atian Lolo), Lexicographer of the Abenaki (4 pp) Stephen Laurent 17-p 53
An autobiographical sketch (with a color photo). He is an expert on Amer-indian linguistics and the son of an Abenaki chief, Joseph Laurent.

Javier Cabrera (1 p) Michael Skupin 17-p 56
Skupin comments on Peruvian physician Javier Cabrera Darquea's collection of stones with controversial pictures carved or etched on them (some of the subjects of the pictures are supposed to have been long extinct).

Living in Total Harmony with Stupidity (3 pp) Marshall D. Payn 17-p 57
Marshall takes on Barry's critics and tells them to go straight to Fell.

Deciphering Inca Textiles Using Computer Graphics (5 pp) Warren L. Cook 17-p 60
Peruvian (Inca) textile designs are analyzed using a Macintosh computer to determine if they hide alphabetic symbols representing the fourteen sound values postulated by Fell as comprising the Tocapu alphabet.

On Norse Importation of Domestic Animals into North America (2 pp) George F. Carter 17-p 65
Comments as a result of the discovery of a Runic inscription accompanying the portrayal of a cow in Ludlow Cave, South Dakota.

Stonehenge and the Calendar of Coligny (34 pp) Alban Wall 17-p 67
Presents evidence that Goidelic Celts built Stonehenge and wrote in Ogam (Ogham) Consaine. Gives biographic information on Alban Wall (w/photo). There is a graphic of the reassembled Celtic Coligny Calendar. He discusses the contents and reading of the Coligny Calendar in depth and compares the results to the structure and usage of Stonehenge.

Tanith with Two Scripts from South Africa (2 pp) Barry Fell, Warren Dexter & Gloria Farley 17-p 101
An effigy of the North African goddess, Tanith, found in South Africa, bears inscriptions in two scripts, Ogam and Libyan. Fell deciphers both.

Letter: The Westford Knight and his Coat of Arms (1 p) Herbert E. Robinson 17-p 103
Corrects a mistake concerning the Gunn arms seen on the Knight-inscription from Westford, Massachusetts as published in Fell’s book, Saga America.

Letter: Ogam Rock in Ventura County (1 p) Myrle A. Kirk 17-p 103
A stone bearing man-made linear markings similar to Ogam was excavated in Ventura County, California, in 1974. Working from a photo (shown), Fell suggests a decipherment.

Contribution to Modern Potawatomi Vocabulary (3 pp) ShupShe (Howard La Hurreau) 17-p 104
A glossary of Potawatomi terms for flora and fauna, the natural world, the body, etc.

Foreign Influences on the Priesthood and Nobility in pre-Columbian America (16 pp) Lawrence F. Athy Jr. 17-p 106
Discusses evidence that the elite classes in Meso-America were influenced by foreignors and sometimes included foreignors.

Photo: Table Rock, Near Wheeling, West Virginia (1 p) Cyril C. Bruhn 17-p 121
Photo of Bruhn standing in front of Table Rock, a natural formation in Ohio County, West Virginia. It stands on the summit of a 400 ft. hill on private property.

An Ethnologist looks at the Odyssey (2 pp) Fred Tromel 17-p 122
He suggests that most of the Odyssey had little if anything to do with Odysseus, but reflected earlier sagas and voyages by Phoenicians. He reviews Dr. Christine Pellech's book "The Odyssey - An Antique Circumnavigation of the World," published in 1983 in Berlin.

The Kensington Stone Part 3: Linguistic Evidence for Its Authenticity (55 pp) Richard Nielsen 17-p 124
He strongly supports Robert A. Hall Jr.'s thesis that the Kensington Runestone is genuine.

The Cross of the Inca (8 pp) Walter Stender 17-p 179
Discusses the use of the "square cross" (like the Red Cross symbol) by the Inca, which he maintains was a continuance from preceding cultures.

Melanesians in Panama (8 pp) John Spencer Carroll 17-p 187
Reports on the unexpected presence of blacks in Panama in the 16th century as reported by one Italian and five Spaniards.

An Elephant Petroglyph (2 pp) Joan Camp 17-p 195
Petroglyph of an apparent elephant found in Northeastern New Mexico by Joan Camp. Illustration from a cast of the inscription made by Gloria Farley.

Christian Symbols of the Pre-Columbian Maya (1 p) Walter F. Morris 17-p 196
Many of the Catholic rituals taught to the Maya were already familiar to them, according to Walter F. Morris in his book Living Maya (1987).

The Eight Cousins from Lisbon (3 pp) John Spencer Carroll 17-p 197
Eight men from Lisbon, all first cousins, loaded a ship c. 1100, and ventured into the Atlantic. They seem to have reached the Azores, Madeira, the Canaries or Cape Verde islands, where they noted that Arabic was known.

Timeless Threads in the Fabric of Cuna Indian Culture (1 p) Roberta C. Smith 17-p 199
Review’s Clyde Keeler’s book (title as above) which can be obtained from either Keeler or herself.

Reworking Early Glottochronologies (6 pp) E. Morgan Kelley 17-p 200
Glottochronology refers to the dating of language and linguistic change. Jürgen Spanuth, Velikovsky and Fell show us that our traditional notions need changing.

An Epigraphic Hoax on Trial in New Mexico (14 pp) Phillip M. Leonard & William R. McGlone 17-p 206
Stones found in New Mexico bearing inscriptions purportedly written before the time of Christ, are revealed to be hoaxes based on the Las Lunas inscription (which itself is believed not a hoax); the hoaxers were tried and convicted and the authors were witnesses at the trial.

An English-Gadelic Dictionary (36 pp) Burrell C. Dawson 17-p 220
A dictionary of cognates in the Gadelic (Goidelic) dialects, drawn from an Old Irish Dictionary by Thurneysen and a study of Takelne by Barry Fell (A-H, to be continued in Volume 18); photo and bio of Dawson given.

Rome and Greenland A.D. 1206-1492 (12 pp) Barry Fell 17-p 255
Russell Swanson, President, of the San Francisco and Bay Counties Epigraphic Society, found correspondence between at least three popes and the church in Greenland in a rare book, Pre-Columbian Historical Treasures 1000-1492, published by the Norroena Society in 1906; facsimiles and translations of three letters are shown.

An Unusual Medieval Inscription from Externstein, NW-Germany (4 pp) Ulrich Niedhorn 17-p 267
An enigmatic inscription discovered high on the wall of a grotto in NW Germany is examined. He concludes it is a fraud by an unknown monk who wanted to make false claims about the site.

A Pioneer Amerind Explorer of North America (3 pp) Antoine Simon Le Page du Pratz 17-p 271
Fell publishes an account by the author of a journey by an Amerind across the prairies and Rockies c 1700-1710.

Susquehanna Petroglyphs Observed in 1820 (1 p) Barry Fell 17-p 273
A manuscript by Joel J. Carter (Prehistoric Pictorial Rocks Near Bald Friar Ferry on the Susquehanna River), discovered in the Delaware Museum, reveals that cup-and-ring marks and apparent Phoenician lett

Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications Table of Contents, Vol. 1, 1974